-Type Regiocontrolled Benzannulation for the Synthesis of Uniquely Substituted α-Arylnaphthalenes: Application to the First Total Synthesis of Chaihunaphthone.

A distinctive method for synthesizing a variety of multisubstituted α-arylnaphthalenes utilizing novel regiocontrolled -type [4 + 2] benzannulation is presented. - and -substituted 1-Ar-1-Ar-2,2-dichlorocyclopropylmethanols (AACM) were transformed to the corresponding -type α-arylnaphthalenes. (i) The reaction of -AACM using TiCl or SnCl (1.

Thymoma-associated Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus (PERM) with Myasthenia Gravis.

We report a case of a 72-year-old woman who initially presented with symptoms of bulbar myasthenia and was positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. She subsequently developed painful muscle spasms, myoclonus, and stiffness. Thymoma was detected, and both anti-glycine receptor and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were found.

Prednisolone-sparing effect of cyclosporin A therapy for very elderly patients with myasthenia gravis.

Three very elderly (over 80years old) patients having generalized myasthenia gravis without thymoma were treated with cyclosporin A and followed for up to 24months. Cyclosporin A therapy quickly improved myasthenia gravis symptoms in all cases, which allowed a rapid reduction in the prednisolone dose and improvement of prednisolone-related hyperglycemia and hypertension. Combination therapy with prednisolone and low-dose cyclosporin A not only improved the clinical symptoms of the very elderly myasthenia gravis patients but also resulted in a rapid reduction in prednisolone dosage and prednisolone-related side effects.

Regiocontrolled benzannulation of diaryl(gem-dichlorocyclopropyl)methanols for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted alpha-arylnaphthalenes: application to total synthesis of natural lignan lactones.

[reaction: see text] An efficient synthesis of highly substituted alpha-arylnaphthalene analogues has been developed utilizing Lewis acid-promoted regiocontrolled benzannulation of aryl(aryl')-2,2-dichlorocyclopropylmethanols (aryl not equal aryl'; abbreviated as AACMs). Both AACM diastereomers were easily prepared via highly stereoselective addition (>95/5) of ArLi to gem-dichlorocyclopropropyl aryl' ketones. The choice of Lewis acids determined the cyclization regioselectivity of the present benzannulation.