E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NEDD4 Affects Estrogen Receptor α Expression and the Prognosis of Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4) is an E3 ligase that leads to the degradation of proteins, including estrogen receptor α. We evaluated whether the expression level of NEDD4 affected the outcome of breast cancer patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study enrolling 143 patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer.

The first Japanese biobank of patient-derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft models.

A lack of practical resources in Japan has limited preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for pediatric relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which has poor outcomes. Here, we established 57 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in NOD.Cg-Prkdc ll2rg /ShiJic (NOG) mice and created a biobank by preserving PDX cells including three extramedullary relapsed ALL PDXs.

A Blood-based Gene-expression Scoring System for Cancer Screening in Patients With Branch-duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

Background: In patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMN), we aimed to develop a novel blood-based biomarker utilizing a gene-expression profile for the detection of pancreatic malignancies, such as IPMN-derived carcinoma (IPMC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 40 patients with pancreatic tumors (24 BD-IPMNs, four IPMCs and 12 PDACs) and identified the characteristic gene-expression profiles in pancreatic malignancies. Subsequently, we constructed a gene-expression scoring system for the proper diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies.

Evaluation of anticancer agents using patient-derived tumor organoids characteristically similar to source tissues.

Patient-derived tumor xenograft models represent a promising preclinical cancer model that better replicates disease, compared with traditional cell culture; however, their use is low-throughput and costly. To overcome this limitation, patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) were established from human lung, ovarian and uterine tumor tissues, among others, to accurately and efficiently recapitulate the tissue architecture and function. PDOs were able to be cultured for >6 months, and formed cell clusters with similar morphologies to their source tumors.

TBX19 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with lymph node metastasis.

The T-box 19 (TBX19) gene encodes a transcription factor characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding motif (T-box). Recent studies have revealed that TBX19 has been identified as one of the genes activated by KRAS mutations, and is upregulated in colon adenoma. These results indicate that TBX19 may work as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Evaluation system for arrhythmogenic potential of drugs using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and gene expression analysis.

In recent years, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) have been widely used to develop evaluation systems for drug cardiotoxicity, including the arrhythmia caused by QT prolongation. To accurately assess the arrhythmogenic potential of drugs, associated with QT prolongation, we developed an evaluation system using hiPS-CMs and gene expression analysis. hiPS-CMs were treated with 8 arrhythmogenic and 17 non-arrhythmogenic drugs at several concentrations for 24 hr to comprehensively analyze gene expression.

A novel gene expression scoring system for accurate diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that is difficult to distinguish from other carcinomas by preoperative endoscopic biopsy because of its histological varieties. Accurate diagnosis is essential for adequate treatment, and the methods proposed so far (e.g.

Autocrine and Paracrine Interactions between Multiple Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Growth Arrest-specific Gene 6 Cross-talk with Interleukin-6.

The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has not yet been fully elucidated. Our microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed significant up-regulation of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein with a structural homology with protein S, in bone marrow (BM) cells of MM patients. ELISA showed that the serum levels of soluble Gas6 were significantly increased in the MM patients when compared with healthy controls.

FAM83B is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Personalized therapy for non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly lung adenocarcinoma, has recently been significantly improved by the discovery of various molecular targets. However, this has not been the case for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the present study, we identified the family with sequence similarity 83, member B (FAM83B) as a candidate marker for SCC through a comprehensive gene expression analysis and examined its correlations with various clinicopathological factors.

Expression screening of 17q12-21 amplicon reveals GRB7 as an ERBB2-dependent oncogene.

Gene amplification is a major genetic alteration in human cancers. Amplicons, amplified genomic regions, are believed to contain "driver" genes responsible for tumorigenesis. However, the significance of co-amplified genes has not been extensively studied.

Cathepsin L is highly expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that are diagnosed by c-kit staining in most cases. A lysosomal cysteine proteinase termed cathepsin L has been commonly associated with malignancy in several cancer types, but this finding has not been reported for GISTs. We analyzed the cathepsin L mRNA and protein expression in GISTs.

Influence of platinum nanoparticles orally administered to rats evaluated by systemic gene expression profiling.

Platinum is recognized as a harmless metal and is widely used in many industrial products. Recent studies have proposed that platinum in the form of nanoparticles has antioxidant properties, suggesting potential uses for platinum nanoparticles as additives in foods and cosmetics, with direct exposure consequences for humans. However, the influence of platinum nanoparticles on humans has not been sufficiently evaluated, thus far.

Alternative splicing of genes during neuronal differentiation of NT2 pluripotential human embryonal carcinoma cells.

We analyzed the mRNA diversity of genes after inducing neuronal differentiation in human NT2 teratocarcinoma cells using all-trans retinoic acid (RA). DNA microarray analyses of cells treated with RA identified 358 RA-responsive genes. mRNA diversity analysis revealed that 274 genes produced multiple protein-coding transcripts by alternative splicing.

Induction of indistinguishable gene expression patterns in rats by Vero cell-derived and mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccines.

Transcriptomics is an objective index that reflects the overall condition of cells or tissues, and transcriptome technology, such as DNA microarray analysis, is now being introduced for the quality control of medical products. In this study, we applied DNA microarray analysis to evaluate the character of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines. When administered into rat peritoneum, Vero cell-derived and mouse brain-derived JE vaccines induced similar gene expression patterns in liver and brain.

Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappaB is preferentially involved in the proliferation of basal-like subtype breast cancer cell lines.

Constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation is thought to be involved in survival, invasion, and metastasis in various types of cancers. However, neither the subtypes of breast cancer cells with constitutive NF-kappaB activation nor the molecular mechanisms leading to its constitutive activation have been clearly defined. Here, we quantitatively analyzed basal NF-kappaB activity in 35 human breast cancer cell lines and found that most of the cell lines with high constitutive NF-kappaB activation were categorized in the estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, ERBB2 negative basal-like subtype, which is the most malignant form of breast cancer.

Human protein factory for converting the transcriptome into an in vitro-expressed proteome,

Appropriate resources and expression technology necessary for human proteomics on a whole-proteome scale are being developed. We prepared a foundation for simple and efficient production of human proteins using the versatile Gateway vector system. We generated 33,275 human Gateway entry clones for protein synthesis, developed mRNA expression protocols for them and improved the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system.