Publications by authors named "Jun-ichi Fujisawa"

We demonstrate that organic-inorganic interfacial charge-transfer transitions enable favourable photovoltaic conversion with CO-fixation products such as aromatic carboxylic acids, verifying a new possibility of CO-fixation products in the development of optoelectronic conversion materials.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein regulates viral gene expression and persistently activates NF-κB to maintain the viability of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Here, we utilize a kinome-wide shRNA screen to identify the tyrosine kinase KDR as an essential survival factor of HTLV-1-transformed cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Immune responses in humanized mice are generally inefficient without co-transplantation of human thymus or HLA transgenes. Previously, we generated humanized mice via the intra-bone marrow injection of CD133+ cord blood cells into irradiated adult immunodeficient mice (IBMI-huNSG mice), which could mount functional immune responses against HTLV-1, although the underlying mechanisms were still unknown. Here, we investigated thymocyte development in IBMI-huNSG mice, focusing on the roles of human and mouse MHC restriction.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - A small percentage of people infected with HTLV-1 can develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a tough-to-treat disease, due to impaired CTLs, which are essential for fighting off the virus and cancer cells.
  • - Researchers used Japanese monkeys infected with STLV-1 (similar to HTLV-1) to test a therapeutic vaccine made from their own blood cells, which activated their CTLs and showed promising results in boosting immune responses.
  • - Vaccinated monkeys displayed increased STLV-1-specific CTL activity and a reduction in viral load after vaccination, but the immune responses peaked at 3-4 months and required additional boosters to maintain effectiveness over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on interfacial charge-transfer transitions (ICTTs) between organic compounds (like benzoic acid derivatives) and inorganic semiconductors, specifically exploring their potential uses in solar energy and chemical sensing.
  • - Research highlights the first observation of ICTTs in SnO nanoparticles, which absorb visible light when treated with specific organic molecules, showing that the absorption characteristics vary based on the substituent groups in the molecules.
  • - The findings indicate that the absorption band results from charge transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the organic compounds to the conduction band of SnO, providing insights that could advance fundamental research and practical applications in the field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) primarily spreads between cells, and the protein M-Sec is crucial for this process.
  • In HTLV-1 carriers, CD4+ T cells express M-Sec, which is induced by the viral protein Tax, while T cells from non-carriers do not show this expression.
  • Reducing M-Sec levels leads to decreased viral infection and impacts cellular structures necessary for the virus, suggesting M-Sec enhances viral spread through promoting membrane protrusions and Gag protein clustering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interfacial charge-transfer transitions (ICTTs) between organic compounds and inorganic semiconductors have recently attracted much attention due to the unique features of a wide range of visible light absorption with colorless organic molecules and direct interfacial charge separation for their potential applications in photoenergy conversions and chemical sensing. As the research on ICTT has almost been limited to titanium oxide semiconductors such as TiO, the exploration of ICTT in other inorganic semiconductors is a high-priority issue. Recently, we demonstrated that ICTT is strongly induced by chemisorption of aromatic thiols on ZnO nanoparticles via the sulfur atom.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes an aggressive T-cell malignancy and a variety of inflammatory conditions. The integrated provirus includes a single binding site for the epigenomic insulator, CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF), but its function remains unclear. In the current study, a mutant virus was examined that eliminates the CTCF-binding site.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The effect of the extracellular matrix substrates on the formation of epithelial cell sheets was studied using MDCK cells in which the α-catenin gene was disrupted. Although the mutant cells did not form an epithelial cell sheet in conventional cell culture, the cells formed an epithelial cell sheet when they were cultured on or in a collagen gel; the same results were not observed when cells were cultured on collagen-coated cover glasses or culture dishes. Moreover, the cells cultured on the cell culture inserts coated with fibronectin, Matrigel, or vitronectin formed epithelial cell sheets, whereas the cells cultured on cover glasses coated with these proteins did not form the structure, implying that the physical and chemical features of the substrates exert a profound effect on the formation of epithelial cell sheets.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chemical modification of insulating material surfaces is an important methodology to improve the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, few redox-active self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been constructed on gate insulator film surfaces, in contrast to the numerous SAMs formed on many types of conducting electrodes. In this study, we report a new approach to introduce a π-conjugated organic fragment in close proximity to an insulating material surface via a transition metal center acting as a one-atom anchor.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • HAM/TSP is a chronic condition linked to HTLV-1, leading to progressive movement issues and urinary problems, with few known biomarkers.
  • The study investigates the adhesion molecule TSLC1 in relation to HAM/TSP, finding higher levels in CD4-positive T cells of patients compared to asymptomatic carriers.
  • In CD8-positive T cells, TSLC1 levels were lower in HAM patients, indicating potential for TSLC1 as a useful biomarker for assessing disease activity in HAM/TSP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interfacial charge-transfer transitions (ICTTs) between organic compounds and inorganic semiconductors have recently gained increasing interest as a new visible light absorption mechanism for optical biosensing via direct visualization, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and circular dichroism (CD) and also as a direct charge separation mechanism for photoenergy conversions such as photocatalytic reactions. So far, ICTTs have been observed with various organic compounds, while inorganic materials are almost limited to titanium oxides such as TiO2. Although SERS via ICTTs has been reported with several kinds of inorganic semiconductors, their ICTT bands have not been observed directly except for TiO2.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Molecular transport by use of light energy is a new photofunction for light powered molecular carriers and light induced nano-structure formation on a substrate. However, this research field has not been cultivated yet. In order to understand the basic mechanism and potentialities, experimental observations of photoactivated molecular migration and its functions in various systems are required.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers examined blood samples from 98 HTLV-1-infected individuals, discovering that defective proviruses existed in both leukemia patients and others with different conditions.
  • * The findings indicate that defective proviruses become more abundant over time in infected individuals, and DNA-capture-seq could also be beneficial for studying other virus-related cancers in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Following viral infection with HTLV-1, certain infected cells exhibit clonal proliferation. Additional genetic and epigenetic changes in these clonally proliferating cells provide them with the selective advantage of growth, which eventually results in ATL.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with dysfunctional low back pain (LBP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1276 RA outpatients from two hospitals. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was used to address the functional-dysfunctional state criterion.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We report the visible-light circular dichroism (CD) of colourless organic compounds based on interfacial charge-transfer (ICT) transitions with TiO2 nanoparticles. We employed three kinds of colourless chiral compounds, l-ascorbic acid, d-ascorbic acid, and l-noradrenaline. These compounds showed a broad ICT band in the visible region between 400 and 600 nm upon their chemisorption on TiO2 nanoparticles.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects mainly CD4+CCR4+ effector/memory T cells in vivo. However, it remains unknown whether HTLV-1 preferentially infects these T cells or this virus converts infected precursor cells to specialized T cells. Expression of viral genes in vivo is critical to study viral replication and proliferation of infected cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We have recently demonstrated that endothelin (ET) is functionally coupled to Na , a Na concentration-sensitive Na channel for lactate release via ET receptor type B (ET R) and is involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection-regeneration mouse model. Na is known to interact directly with Na /K -ATPase, leading to lactate production in the brain. To investigate the role of Na /K -ATPase in peripheral nerve regeneration, in this study, we applied ouabain, a Na /K -ATPase inhibitor, to the cut site for 4 weeks with an osmotic pump.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The degradation of heme significantly contributes to cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in the degradation of heme, forms carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and bilirubin in conjunction with biliverdin reductase, and is induced by various stimuli including oxidative stress and heavy metals. We examined the involvement of heme metabolism in the induction of HO-1 by the inducers sulforaphane and sodium arsenite.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabricated by using a novel silyl-anchor coumarin dye with alkyl-chain substitutes, a Br/Br redox electrolyte solution containing water, and a Mg-doped anatase-TiO electrode with twofold surface modification by MgO and AlO exhibited an open-circuit photovoltage over 1.4 V, demonstrating the possibility of DSSCs as practical photovoltaic devices.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Surface complexes formed between TiO2 nanoparticles and enediol compounds such as 1,2-benzenediol (o-BDO) via Ti-O-C linkages show absorption of visible light due to interfacial charge-transfer (ICT) transitions. The ICT transitions take place from the π-conjugated systems to TiO2. Recently, we reported a surface complex formed between TiO2 and 1,2-benzenedithiol (o-BDT) via Ti-S-C linkages.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Photoinduced carrier injection from dyes to inorganic semiconductors is a crucial process in various dye-sensitized solar energy conversions such as photovoltaics and photocatalysis. It has been reported that an energy offset larger than 0.2-0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interfacial charge-transfer (ICT) transitions between organic materials and inorganic semiconductors are a new mechanism for light absorption at organic-semiconductor interfaces. ICT transitions cause one-step interfacial charge separation without loss of energy. This feature is potentially useful to realize efficient organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF