Publications by authors named "Jun-chao Wu"
A case of Gastric cystic polyp mimicking early gastric cancer.
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis
December 2024
In this study, we present a case of a 51-year-old man with a gastric lesion initially suspected to be early gastric cancer but was ultimately diagnosed as a Gastric cystic polyp (GCP). The patient underwent diagnostic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) based on the lesion's appearance and characteristics. Detailed pathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of GCP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe P2X7 receptor mediates NADPH transport across the plasma membrane.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- NADPH is crucial for maintaining redox balance and biosynthesis, but its ability to cross cell membranes was unclear until now.
- This study shows that NADPH can be transported into cells through the P2X7 receptor, particularly in microglia, and this process is influenced by ATP and specific receptor antagonists.
- The findings suggest potential new methods for regulating NADPH levels, enhancing our understanding of its role in cellular processes like redox homeostasis and neuroinflammation.*
Article Synopsis
- Hemorrhagic stroke leads to high rates of illness and death worldwide, prompting research into potential treatments.
- Nicotinamide riboside, a compound with good bioavailability and safety, was tested for its protective effects against a specific type of hemorrhagic stroke in mice.
- The results showed that nicotinamide riboside significantly reduced brain damage, improved recovery, and minimized harmful processes like oxidative stress and inflammation.
Article Synopsis
- Excitotoxicity is a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases, and its connection to ferroptosis (a form of cell death) is not well understood.
- This study finds that NADPH not only acts as a reductant but also interacts with N-myristoyltransferase 2 (NMT2), leading to increased levels of a protein (FSP1) that helps resist ferroptosis.
- The research highlights that the interaction between NADPH, NMT2, and FSP1 is crucial for understanding how neurons can withstand ferroptosis, potentially offering new avenues for treating related diseases.
Objective: To investigate the effect of inflammation-related genes on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods: We downloaded PCa-related clinical data and mRNA sequencing data from the database Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and inflammation-related pathway gene sets from MsigDB. Using univariate regression and LASSO regression analyses, we screened inflammation-related genes for the construction of a prognostic risk model and evaluated the performance of the model in predicting the prognosis of PCa by Kaplan-Meier and ROC analyses.
Article Synopsis
- Early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EESCC) in patients with cirrhosis is rare but poses significant management challenges.
- A study analyzed data from 590 EESCC patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes, focusing on 25 cirrhotic patients matched with 75 noncirrhotic patients.
- Results showed ESTD is safe and effective for EESCC patients with cirrhosis, but those with cirrhosis had longer hospital stays and lower overall survival rates compared to noncirrhotic counterparts.
Article Synopsis
- Neuroinflammation is linked to various central nervous system diseases, and the study examined the anti-cancer compound RRx-001's effect on this process.
- RRx-001 significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited pathways like NF-κB and MAPK that are activated by LPS, a substance that triggers inflammation.
- In a mouse model, RRx-001 decreased microglial activation and neuron loss caused by neuroinflammation, suggesting its potential as a treatment for brain diseases related to inflammation.
Article Synopsis
- Excitotoxicity occurs when excessive levels of excitatory amino acids lead to neuron damage, playing a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases.
- The protein TP53 is linked to excitotoxicity, and its pathway involving the TIGAR regulator can help protect neurons from injury.
- In a mouse model, kainic acid (KA) was shown to decrease TIGAR levels and worsen neuroinflammation and mitochondrial issues; however, overexpressing TIGAR helped reverse these effects, suggesting it as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases.
Article Synopsis
- Amyloid-β peptide aggregation is a key factor in Alzheimer's disease, leading to cognitive decline as it accumulates in the brain due to an imbalance in its production and clearance.
- A recent study finds that long-term running exercise in mice can improve cognitive function by enhancing lysosomal function and promoting the clearance of Aβ peptides.
- The exercise activates transcription factor EB (TFEB), which helps enhance the breakdown of Aβ, suggesting that physical activity could be beneficial for Alzheimer's patients.
Our previous studies confirm that exogenous reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) exerts a neuroprotective effect in animal models of ischemic stroke, and its primary mechanism is related to anti-oxidative stress and improved energy metabolism. However, it is unknown whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) also plays a neuroprotective role and whether NADPH is superior to NADH against ischemic stroke? In this study we compared the efficacy of NADH, NADPH, and edaravone in ameliorating brain injury and metabolic stress in ischemic stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (t-MCAO/R) mouse model and in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This study investigates how NADPH and Mito-apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, affect excitotoxicity from Kainic acid (KA) and explores the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model.
- The researchers administered NADPH and Mito-apocynin to the mice and assessed neuronal damage and behavior through various tests, along with measuring oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function.
- The findings indicate that NADPH has a protective effect against KA-induced damage by modulating protein expressions related to autophagy and oxidative stress, while Mito-apocynin reduces NOX4 activity, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.
Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug used to treat patients with schizophrenia due to its lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Previous studies have shown that olanzapine activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and induce autophagy in SH-SY5Y cell line. In this study, we investigated whether olanzapine protected against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study examines how NADPH affects excitotoxicity caused by Kainic acid (KA), a chemical that can harm neurons, using experiments on rats and isolated rat neurons.
- Findings show that NADPH reduces brain lesions and motor dysfunction in rats while mitigating neuronal damage by improving cell viability and regulating oxidative stress markers.
- The research suggests NADPH helps protect against KA-induced excitotoxicity mainly by affecting the autophagy-lysosome pathway and boosting protective proteins like TIGAR, alongside its antioxidant effects.
This study reports the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal single-tunnel dissection or endoscopic submucosal multi-tunnel dissection for the treatment of esophageal neoplastic lesions of at least three-quarters of the esophageal circumference, including circumferential superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions. From July 2014 to February 2018, a total of 124 lesions underwent endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection at our hospital. One to four submucosal tunnels were created in the oral to anal direction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study investigated how exercise influences lysosomal functions, using mice that ran on wheels for 8 weeks while some were given an SIRT1 inhibitor to observe effects on lysosomal activity.
- - Results indicated that exercise enhances the movement of TFEB protein into the nucleus, which increases the production of genes related to autophagy and lysosomal function through the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway.
- - Long-term exercise was found to have a greater impact on lysosomal biogenesis compared to short-term exercise, suggesting significant benefits for brain health through regular running activity.
[Endoscopic Characteristics and Pathological Analysis of Esophageal Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasm].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
November 2018
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the characteristics and risk factors associated with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (LGIN) in the esophagus by analyzing 201 lesions from 169 patients over an eight-year period.
- Key findings reveal that LGIN is more prevalent in older male patients, with common lesions found in the middle esophagus and specific morphological types being dominant. After monitoring over 10 months, many lesions showed signs of reversal, though some progressed to more severe forms.
- The analysis identified age over 45 and larger lesion size (greater than 0.5 cm) as significant risk factors for developing LGIN, emphasizing the need for careful follow-up in patients with larger lesions.
[Efficacy of Oral Corticosteroids in Preventing Esophageal Stenosis after Large Area Endoscopic Submucosal Tunnel Dissection].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
November 2018
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess how effective oral corticosteroids are in preventing esophageal stenosis following large area esophageal endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD).
- 101 patients with early esophageal cancer were analyzed, with one group receiving ESTD combined with corticosteroids and the other group undergoing ESTD alone. The results showed that fewer patients in the corticosteroid group experienced severe stenosis and required endoscopic treatments.
- The findings suggest that oral corticosteroids can significantly decrease the severity and occurrence of esophageal stenosis after ESTD, leading to better patient outcomes and longer times before stenosis occurs.
[Accuracy of EUS and ME-NBI for Evaluating the Invasion Depth of Early Esophageal Cancer].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
November 2018
Objective: To assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) in evaluating the invasion depth of early esophageal carcinoma.
Methods: Patients who underwent endoscopic resection for early esophageal cancer from March 2013 to October 2017 were enrolled. The EUS and ME-NBI results were compared with the pathology results.
[Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Treatment of Early Esophageal Cancer and Precancerous Lesions].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
November 2018
Article Synopsis
- Esophageal cancer is a common type of cancer in the digestive system, and early detection and treatment significantly impact patient prognosis.
- Advances in endoscopic technology have enhanced the ability to detect early-stage esophageal cancer, allowing for more effective minimally invasive treatments like endoscopic dissection.
- Despite these benefits, challenges remain in treating various complications, accurately assessing the extent of disease, and determining the need for additional surgical interventions in specific patient populations.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the necessity of additional esophagectomy after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early-stage esophageal cancer, aiming to balance the benefits of cancer removal against the risks of invasive surgery.
- A total of 214 patients who underwent ESD were analyzed, with 32 requiring further esophagectomy based on specific residual margin statuses from their ESD results.
- Findings suggest that the need for esophagectomy is significantly linked to the margin status of the ESD specimen, and it is recommended to wait at least 30 days post-ESD for better recovery before considering additional surgery.
Article Synopsis
- * Research found that NADPH can protect dopamine neurons from toxic effects of MPTP/MPP by increasing GSH levels and reducing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to improved motor function in mice.
- * The study shows that NADPH works by inhibiting certain proteins associated with cell death (like TP53 and Bax) and suggests it could be a potential new treatment for PD.
Article Synopsis
- Colorectal polyps, often found during colonoscopy, have different management approaches for neoplastic (cancerous) and non-neoplastic (non-cancerous) types, necessitating accurate real-time differentiation.
- A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) in diagnosing neoplastic colorectal polyps, analyzing data from 16 articles.
- The results indicated that ME-NBI shows high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity rates of 98% and 88% for all neoplastic polyps, and the best accuracy when using a combination of surface and vessel pattern assessments.
Article Synopsis
- Both NADPH and NAD are key substances that help protect neurons from damage due to reduced blood flow, acting as cofactors in energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.
- Research shows that using NAD alone can be beneficial when applied early in stroke treatment, and combining it with NADPH enhances the benefits and extends the time frame for effective treatment.
- This combination not only boosts cell energy levels and reduces harmful oxidative damage but also improves long-term survival and recovery in animal models after an ischemic stroke, suggesting a promising new therapy approach.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for treating large superficial rectal neoplastic lesions, highlighting the unique challenges compared to similar procedures in the esophagus and stomach due to the rectum's delicate structure.
- Conducted in a single center, the research involved 19 patients, focusing on their dissection speed, complications, and recurrence rates over a 5 to 24 month period.
- Results showed successful en bloc resections in all cases without serious complications or recurrences, with an average operative time of about 85 minutes.
[Risk Factors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
November 2015
Article Synopsis
- - This study analyzes the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) by examining the clinical data of 344 surgical patients from 2009 to 2013.
- - Key findings indicate that patients with tumors limited to the mucous, a diameter of less than 3 cm, and those who are highly or moderately differentiated did not have LNM, while factors like tumor diameter, invasion depth, histological type, and lymphatic involvement were significantly correlated with LNM risk.
- - The research concludes that patients with low-risk characteristics for LNM may benefit from endoscopic excision, potentially avoiding more invasive surgical procedures.