Corrigendum: Ultrasound-based radiomics analysis for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions: from static images to CEUS video analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.

Efficient Spatially Sparse Inference for Conditional GANs and Diffusion Models.

During image editing, existing deep generative models tend to re-synthesize the entire output from scratch, including the unedited regions. This leads to a significant waste of computation, especially for minor editing operations. In this work, we present Spatially Sparse Inference (SSI), a general-purpose technique that selectively performs computation for edited regions and accelerates various generative models, including both conditional GANs and diffusion models.

Multimodal ultrasound features of breast cancers: correlation with molecular subtypes.

Objectives: To investigate whether multimodal intratumour and peritumour ultrasound features correlate with specific breast cancer molecular subtypes.

Methods: From March to November 2021, a total of 85 patients with histologically proven breast cancer underwent B-mode, real-time elastography (RTE), colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The time intensity curve (TIC) of CEUS was obtained, and the peak and time to peak (TTP) were analysed.

Prognostic value of summed motion score assessed by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: The prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is poor and new indicators are urgently needed to predict lethal cardiac events. This study aimed to investigate the value of summed motion score (SMS) in predicting cardiac death of DCM patients using gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Methods And Results: Eighty-one patients with DCM who underwent Tc-MIBI gated SPECT MPI were retrospectively enrolled and were divided into cardiac death and survivor groups.

A nomogram based on combining clinical features and contrast enhanced ultrasound is not able to identify Her-2 over-expressing cancer from other breast cancers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a predictive model based on a contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-based nomogram and clinical features (Clin) could differentiate Her-2-overexpressing breast cancers from other breast cancers.

Methods: A total of 152 pathology-proven breast cancers including 55 Her-2-overexpressing cancers and 97 other cancers from two units that underwent preoperative CEUS examination, were included and divided into training (n = 102) and validation cohorts (n = 50). Multivariate regression analysis was utilized to identify independent indicators for developing predictive nomogram models.

Construction of an Axially Chiral Fluorene Nitrile-Based Framework via Benzannulation of Indene Diene with Benzoylacetonitrile.

The methodology for the synthesis of fluorene-based atropisomers was developed via the strategy of aromatic ring formation. By this strategy, an efficient benzannulation of indene-based diene with benzoylacetonitrile divergently promoted by DABCO and a chiral organocatalyst was established, and various atropisomeric fluorene-based skeletons were generated in good yields, which not only provide a new strategy for the construction of atropisomeric biaryls but also offer a new member to the atropisomeric family.

Ultrasound-based radiomics analysis for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions: From static images to CEUS video analysis.

Background: Continuous contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) video is a challenging direction for radiomics research. We aimed to evaluate machine learning (ML) approaches with radiomics combined with the XGBoost model and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for discriminating between benign and malignant lesions in CEUS videos with a duration of more than 1 min.

Methods: We gathered breast CEUS videos of 109 benign and 81 malignant tumors from two centers.

Diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis (DUL) is a benign uterine smooth muscle neoplasm with unknown etiology. Since DUL is rarely reported, knowledge regarding it is limited. The rate of early diagnosis is low, and DUL is often misdiagnosed as common multiple uterine leiomyomas before surgery.

Screening high-risk population of persistent postpartum hypertension in women with preeclampsia using latent class cluster analysis.

Background: A significant proportion of women with preeclampsia (PE) exhibit persistent postpartum hypertension (PHTN) at 3 months postpartum associated with cardiovascular morbidity. This study aimed to screen patients with PE to identify the high-risk population with persistent PHTN.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,000 PE patients with complete parturient and postpartum blood pressure (BP) profiles at 3 months postpartum.

GAN Compression: Efficient Architectures for Interactive Conditional GANs.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) have enabled controllable image synthesis for many vision and graphics applications. However, recent cGANs are 1-2 orders of magnitude more compute-intensive than modern recognition CNNs. For example, GauGAN consumes 281G MACs per image, compared to 0.

Phosphine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Allyl-4-pyrones by the Tandem Reaction of Diynones and Allylic Alcohols.

A simple and effective tandem reaction of diynones and allylic alcohols was developed to afford functionalized 3-allyl-4-pyrones in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol underwent a Michael addition─Claisen rearrangement─O-cyclization process, which exhibited broad substrate tolerance, high regioselectivity, and atom economy under a metal-free condition. Moreover, functional transformation of the products was also further studied.

Correction to "Monitoring the Hierarchical Evolution from a Double-Stranded Helix to a Well-Defined Microscopic Morphology Based on a Turbine-like Aromatic Molecule".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01443.

Catalyst- and Additive-Free Annulation of Ynediones and (Iso)Quinoline -Oxides: An Approach to Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1-]Isoquinolines and Pyrrolo[1,2-]Quinolines.

A simple and effective annulation of ynediones and (iso)quinoline -oxides was developed to afford various functionalized pyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines and pyrrolo[1,2-]quinolines in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol underwent a tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition/ring-opening/-nucleophilic addition, which exhibited high regioselectivity, broad substrate tolerance, and atom economy under catalyst-, additive-free, and air conditions. Moreover, indolizine was also successfully prepared using pyridine -oxide.

Understanding the role of individual units in a deep neural network.

Deep neural networks excel at finding hierarchical representations that solve complex tasks over large datasets. How can we humans understand these learned representations? In this work, we present network dissection, an analytic framework to systematically identify the semantics of individual hidden units within image classification and image generation networks. First, we analyze a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on scene classification and discover units that match a diverse set of object concepts.

Monitoring the Hierarchical Evolution from a Double-Stranded Helix to a Well-Defined Microscopic Morphology Based on a Turbine-like Aromatic Molecule.

1-Indazolo[1,2-]phthalazine-5,10-dione IPDD with an approximate turbine-like spatial structure, primary assembled double-stranded helices at the first level, was predicted by quantum chemical calculations and confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The higher-dimensional hierarchical architectures including fibrils, helical fibers, spherical shells, and porous prismatic structures were observed in sequence by the scanning electron microscopy technique. The final porous prismatic structures sensitive to NH vapors have the potential to be applied in gas sensing and absorbing materials.

Controllable synthesis of 3-iodo-2H-quinolizin-2-ones and 1,3-diiodo-2H-quinolizin-2-ones via electrophilic cyclization of azacyclic ynones.

An effective electrophilic annulation reaction of azacyclic ynones was reported, divergently affording various functionalized 3-iodo-2H-quinolizin-2-ones and 1,3-diiodo-2H-quinolizin-2-ones in moderate to excellent yields with different iodide reagents. This reaction shows high regioselectivity and broad substrate scope under metal-free, room temperature conditions in air. In addition, the products with highly active C-I bonds have an opportunity for further functionalization.

Base-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of 5-Cyanobenzoxepines and Benzofuro[2,3-]pyridines from 2-Bromophenylacetonitriles and Ynones.

An effective base-controlled divergent annulation reaction of 2-bromophenylacetonitriles and ynones has been developed. Various functionalized 5-cyanobenzoxepines and benzofuro[2,3-]pyridines were obtained with a broad substrate scope and high regioselectivity in moderate to excellent yield. Of importance, an unexpected O-rearrangement reaction to access benzofuro[2,3-]pyridines was observed using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.

Learning the signatures of the human grasp using a scalable tactile glove.

Humans can feel, weigh and grasp diverse objects, and simultaneously infer their material properties while applying the right amount of force-a challenging set of tasks for a modern robot. Mechanoreceptor networks that provide sensory feedback and enable the dexterity of the human grasp remain difficult to replicate in robots. Whereas computer-vision-based robot grasping strategies have progressed substantially with the abundance of visual data and emerging machine-learning tools, there are as yet no equivalent sensing platforms and large-scale datasets with which to probe the use of the tactile information that humans rely on when grasping objects.

Synthesis of 1-Cyano-3-acylnaphthalenes via Formal [4+2] Benzannulation of 2-(2-Alkynylphenyl)acetonitriles and Alkynones.

Effective transition-metal-free formal [4+2] benzannulation for the preparation of 1-cyano-3-acylnaphthalenes from 2-(2-alkynylphenyl)acetonitriles and alkynones through sequential C-C bond coupling has been developed. This protocol is characterized by mild conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, complete regioselectivity, and atom economy. The plausible mechanism, gram-scale synthesis, and further transformations of the product were studied.

Learning to Synthesize and Manipulate Natural Images.

Humans are avid consumers of visual content. Every day, people watch videos, play games, and share photos on social media. However, there is an asymmetry-while everybody is able to consume visual data, only a chosen few are talented enough to express themselves visually.

The correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the presence and activity of myasthenia gravis.

Though the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) is not fully understood, the role of inflammation has been well appreciated in the development of MG. We aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in MG patients and the relationship between the NLR and the activity of the disease. A total number of 172 MG patients and 207 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study.

Unsupervised Object Class Discovery via Saliency-Guided Multiple Class Learning.

In this paper, we tackle the problem of common object (multiple classes) discovery from a set of input images, where we assume the presence of one object class in each image. This problem is, loosely speaking, unsupervised since we do not know a priori about the object type, location, and scale in each image. We observe that the general task of object class discovery in a fully unsupervised manner is intrinsically ambiguous; here we adopt saliency detection to propose candidate image windows/patches to turn an unsupervised learning problem into a weakly-supervised learning problem.

Weakly supervised histopathology cancer image segmentation and classification.

Labeling a histopathology image as having cancerous regions or not is a critical task in cancer diagnosis; it is also clinically important to segment the cancer tissues and cluster them into various classes. Existing supervised approaches for image classification and segmentation require detailed manual annotations for the cancer pixels, which are time-consuming to obtain. In this paper, we propose a new learning method, multiple clustered instance learning (MCIL) (along the line of weakly supervised learning) for histopathology image segmentation.

Motion-aware gradient domain video composition.

For images, gradient domain composition methods like Poisson blending offer practical solutions for uncertain object boundaries and differences in illumination conditions. However, adapting Poisson image blending to video presents new challenges due to the added temporal dimension. In video, the human eye is sensitive to small changes in blending boundaries across frames and slight differences in motions of the source patch and target video.