A fabric-based wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of decubitus ulcer of subjects lying on a bed.

For multifunctional wearable sensing systems, problems related to wireless and continuous communication and soft, noninvasive, and disposable functionality issues should be solved for precise physiological signal detection. To measure the critical transitions of pressure, temperature, and skin impedance when continuous pressure is applied on skin and tissue, we developed a sensor for decubitus ulcers using conventional analog circuitry for wireless and continuous communication in a disposable, breathable fabric-based multifunctional sensing system capable of conformal contact. By integrating the designed wireless communication module into a multifunctional sensor, we obtained sensing data that were sent sequentially and continuously to a customized mobile phone app.

A fabric-based multifunctional sensor for the early detection of skin decubitus ulcers.

Monitoring biosignals at the skin interface is necessary to suppress the potential for decubitus ulcers in immobile patients confined to bed. We develop conformally contacted, disposable, and breathable fabric-based electronic devices to detect skin impedance, applied pressure, and temperature, simultaneously. Based on the experimental evaluation of the multifunctional sensors, a combination of robust AgNW electrodes, soft ionogel capacitive pressure sensor, and resistive temperature sensor on fabric provides alarmed the initiation of early-stage decubitus ulcers without signal distortion under the external stimulus.

Effect of Oxygen Functional Groups in Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Silk Electronic Textiles for Enhancement of NO Gas-Sensing Performance.

An electronic textile-based NO gas sensor was fabricated using commercial silk and graphene oxide (GO). It showed a fast response time and excellent sensing performance, which was simply accomplished by modifying the heat-treatment process. The heat treatment was conducted at 400 °C and different heating rates of 1, 3, and 5 °C/min.

Photothermochemical Nanoassembly of 3D Porous Graphene and Palladium Nanoparticles for High-Performance Hydrogen Detection.

Hybrid materials comprising graphene and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are desirable for high-performance hydrogen detection because of the high specific surface area, electron mobility, and flexibility of graphene and the high electrochemical responsivity and reversibility of PdNPs. However, obtaining hybrid materials is energy-intensive and time-consuming. Here, a facile and rapid laser photothermochemical single-step processing method to synchronously produce a nanoassembly of three-dimensional porous graphene and PdNPs from polymer films is reported.

Charge transport in pyroprotein-based electronic yarns.

Pyroprotein-based carbon materials produced by heat-treating silk proteins have many potential applications in electronic devices, such as electronic textiles. To further develop potential electronic devices using these pyroproteins, the charge transport mechanism has to be verified. However, the electrical characteristics of the pyroproteins have not been reported yet.

Interaction between VO nanowires and high pressure CO gas up to 45 bar: Electrical and structural study.

In the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) process that converts ethylbenzene to styrene, vanadium-based catalysts, especially VO, are used in a CO atmosphere to enhance process efficiency. Here we demonstrate that the activation energy of VO can be manipulated by exposure to high pressure CO, using VO nanowires (VON). The oxidation of V to V was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Single-Shot Imaging of Two-Wavelength Spatial Phase-Shifting Interferometry.

In this investigation, we propose an effective method to measure 3D surface profiles of specimens with single-shot imaging. Based on the two-wavelength interferometric principle and spatial phase-shifting technique using a polarization pixelated camera, the proposed system can not only rapidly measure the phase, but also overcome the 2π-ambiguity problem of typical phase-shifting interferometry. The rough surface profile can be calculated by the visibility of the interference fringe and can compensate for the height discontinuity by phase jumps occurring in a fine height map.

High-speed polarized low coherence scanning interferometry based on spatial phase shifting.

In this investigation, we describe polarized low coherence scanning interferometry (PLCSI) to enhance the measurement speed based on the spatial phase shifting technique by using a polarized CMOS camera. In every scanning step, the visibility of the correlogram can be directly extracted by spatial phase shifting. PLCSI does not need any scanning conditions such as a scanning step size smaller than that determined by the Nyquist sampling limit and equidistant scanning step, which restrict the measurement speed of the typical low coherence scanning interferometry (LCSI).

Commercial Silk-Based Electronic Yarns Fabricated Using Microwave Irradiation.

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are being developed because of their potential applications in wearable and flexible electronics. However, complex procedures and chemical agents are required to synthesize carbon-based e-textiles. Pyroprotein-based e-textiles, obtained by the pyrolysis of silk proteins, consume large amounts of time and energy due to the high-temperature process (from 800 to 2800 °C).

Influence of hydrogen incorporation on conductivity and work function of VO nanowires.

We report improved conductance by reducing the work function via incorporation of hydrogen into VO2 nanowires. The VO2 nanowires were prepared using the chemical vapor deposition method with V2O5 powder on silicon substrates at 850 °C. Hydrogenation was carried out using the high-pressure hydrogenation method.

Electronic-dimensionality reduction of bulk MoS by hydrogen treatment.

A reduction in the electronic-dimensionality of materials is one method for achieving improvements in material properties. Here, a reduction in electronic-dimensionality is demonstrated using a simple hydrogen treatment technique. Quantum well states from hydrogen-treated bulk 2H-MoS2 are observed using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

Pyroprotein-Based Electronic Textiles with High Stability.

Thermally reducible pyroprotein-based electronic textiles (e-textiles) are fabricated using graphene oxide and a pyroprotein such as cocoon silk and spider web without any chemical agents. The electrical conductivity of the e-textile is 11.63 S cm , which is maintained even in bending, washing, and temperature variation.

Lead and copper removal from aqueous solutions using carbon foam derived from phenol resin.

Phenolic resin-based carbon foam was prepared as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The surface of the produced carbon foam had a well-developed open cell structure and the specific surface area according to the BET model was 458.59m(2)g(-1).