Current perspectives on mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a significant health challenge, characterized by its widespread prevalence, intricate natural progression and multifaceted pathogenesis. Although NAFLD initially presents as benign fat accumulation, it may progress to steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized for their intrinsic self-renewal, superior biocompatibility, and minimal immunogenicity, positioning them as a therapeutic innovation for liver diseases.

Metformin's Mechanisms in Attenuating Hallmarks of Aging and Age-Related Disease.

Aging is a major global challenge, and there is growing demand for new strategies to address the burden of aging. The intensive search for antiaging agents has led to the discovery of a variety of drugs that promote the extension of healthspan and/or life. Metformin is a safe, effective, and globally affordable antihyperglycemic agent that has gained much attention in recent years as a potential antiaging treatment.

Therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells on mouse models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic metabolic and autoimmune disease, seriously endangers human health. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has become an effective treatment for diabetes. Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSC), a novel MSC type derived from the decidual endometrium during menstruation, are expected to become promising seeding cells for diabetes treatment because of their noninvasive collection procedure, high proliferation rate and high immunomodulation capacity.

Distribution of Cadherin in the Parahippocampal Area of Developing Domestic Chicken Embryos.

Hippocampal formation is important in spatial learning and memory. Members of the cadherin superfamily are observed in the neural system with diverse spatial and temporal expression patterns and are involved in many biological processes. To date, the avian hippocampal formation is not well understood.

Catalytic mechanism of mevalonate kinase revisited, a QM/MM study.

Mevalonate Kinase (MVK) catalyses the ATP-Mg2+ mediated phosphate transfer of mevalonate to produce mevalonate 5-phosphate and is a key kinase in the mevalonate pathway in the biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, the precursor of isoprenoid-based biofuels. However, the crystal structure in complex with the native substrate mevalonate, ATP and Mg2+ has not been resolved, which has limited the understanding of its reaction mechanism and therefore its application in the production of isoprenoid-based biofuels. Here using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and a hybrid QM/MM study, we revisited the location of Mg2+ resolved in the crystal structure of MVK and determined a catalytically competent MVK structure in complex with the native substrate mevalonate and ATP.

Water-mediated network in the resistance mechanism of fosfomycin.

Fosfomycin Resistance Kinase A (FomA) catalyzes the phosphorylation of fosfomycin, which is an effective antibiotic for treating urinary tract infections. Understanding the chemical reaction mechanism is essential for developing strategies to counter the resistance of fosfomycin in clinical settings. Here the catalytic mechanism of FomA was investigated using molecular dynamic simulations in conjunction with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations (B97d/AMBER99).

[Activity of glial cells in the olfactory bulb of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 mice].

To study the pathological mechanisms of Niemann-Pick disease type C1, we observed the changes of activation of glial cells in the olfactory bulb of Npc1 mutant (Npc1(-/-)) mice. The genomic DNA was extracted from mouse tails for genotyping by PCR. Immunofluorescent histochemistry was performed to examine the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb of Npc1(-/-) mice on postnatal day 30.

High expression of heat shock protein 90 alpha and its significance in human acute leukemia cells.

This study investigated the expression of heat shock protein 90 alpha (Hsp90α) in acute leukemia cells. The expression of Hsp90α was investigated in leukemia cell lines and human bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from acute leukemia patients and from healthy individuals using polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with cells from healthy individuals, the expression of Hsp90α in the untreated patients was higher.

Positional effects of the matrix attachment region on transgene expression in stably transfected CHO cells.

Previous work has shown that the MAR (matrix attachment region) could increase transgene expression in stably transfected CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells. To study the positional effect of MAR on transgene expression, three expression vectors were constructed which contained the human beta-globin MAR in different sites, including the vector with two MARs flanking the CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) expression cassette, one MAR at the 59 or 39 site. These vectors were transfected into CHO cells.

Proteome analysis of chloroplast proteins in stage albinism line of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) FA85.

The "stage albinism line of winter wheat" FA85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. This physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. In order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-DE was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between FA85 and its parent wheat Aibian 1.

[Construction of Chang Liver cDNA library and immunoscreening of ADAMS related genes].

Total RNA was isolated from Chang Liver cell. The full-length cDNA was synthesized using LD PCR by RNA 5' end switching mechanism, oligo(dT) as primer. SfiI digestion sites were introduced at both 3' and 5' end of cDNA.

[Cloning and analysis of rat heat shock factor binding protein 1 cDNA].

Heat shock factor binding protein 1(HSBP1) is a nuclear-localized, novel, conserved, low molecular weight (< 100 residues) transcriptional factor, which may repress the activity of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) by binding HSF1 active trimerization domain. HSBP1 gene have been cloned in human and mouse, but not reported in rat. In this paper, a pair of consensus degenerate primers were designed based on N-terminal and C-terminal conservative amino acid sequence.

Study on construction of cDNA libraries from rat normal liver and regeneration liver with smart technique.

The aim of the study is to construct cDNA libraries from the normal liver and regeneration liver of rat by SMART (switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript) technique and analyze their quality. The total RNA was separated from the normal liver and regeneration liver of rat and the frist-strand cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription by a modified oligo (dT) primer (contained sfi IB site) while the SMART oligonucleotide (contained sfi IA site) was utilized as a template so that the first-strand cDNA could be extended over the 5' end of mRNA. The double-strand cDNA was amplified by LD-PCR (long-distance PCR) with the above two primers and then digested by sfi I (IA & IB) restriction, enzyme.

Cloning and analysing the up-regulated expression of transthyretin-related gene (LR1) in rat liver regeneration following short interval successive partial hepatectomy.

Aim: Cloning and analysing the up-regulated expression of transthyretin-related gene following short interval successive partial hepatectomy (SISPH) to elucidate the mechanism of differentiation, division, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation in rat liver regeneration (LR).

Methods: Lobus external sinister and lobus centralis sinister, lobus centralis, lobus dexter, lobus candatus were removed one by one from rat liver at four different time points 4, 36, 36 and 36 hr (total time: 4 hr, 40 hr, 76 hr, 112 hr) respectively. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was carried out by using normal rat liver tissue as driver and the tissue following short interval successive partial hepatectomy (SISPH) as tester to construct a highly efficient forward-subtractive cDNA library.