Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Blood Stream Infection in Pediatric Febrile Neutropenia.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models for identifying bloodstream infection (BSI) and septic shock (SS) in pediatric patients with cancer who presenting febrile neutropenia (FN) at emergency department (ED) visit.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients, aged younger than 18 years, who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED due to FN between January 2004 and August 2022. ML models, based on XGBoost, were developed for BSI and SS prediction.

Ketamine sedation during air enema reduction of pediatric intussusception: Assessing safety and intraluminal pressure.

Background: Recent reports have demonstrated promising results regarding the use of ketamine sedation for reducing pediatric intussusception without an associated elevated risk of bowel perforation. However, data on direct intraluminal pressure are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate sedation safety, primarily by comparing intraluminal pressure.

Physcion Mitigates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Memory Impairments via TLR-4/NF-кB Signaling in Adult Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most predominant cause of dementia, considered a progressive decline in cognitive function that ultimately leads to death. AD has posed a substantial challenge in the records of medical science over the past century, representing a predominant etiology of dementia with a high prevalence rate. Neuroinflammation is a common characteristic of various central nervous system (CNS) pathologies like AD, primarily mediated by specialized brain immune and inflammatory cells, such as astrocytes and microglia.

Target-Enhanced Whole-Genome Sequencing (TE-WGS) Shows Clinical Validity Equivalent to Commercially Available Targeted Oncology Panel.

Purpose: Cancer poses a significant global health challenge, demanding precise genomic testing for individualized treatment strategies. Targeted-panel sequencing (TPS) has improved personalized oncology but often lacks comprehensive coverage of crucial cancer alterations. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) addresses this gap, offering extensive genomic testing.

The association between initial post-resuscitation diastolic blood pressure and survival after pediatric cardiac arrest: a retrospective study.

Background: Limited research has analyzed the association between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and survival after pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to explore the association between post-resuscitation diastolic blood pressure and survival in pediatric patients who underwent CPR.

Method: This retrospective single-center study included pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center between January 2016 to November 2022.

Kojic acid reverses LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Intense neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are an integral part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria that act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and potentially activate the central nervous system's (CNS) immune system. Microglial cells are the local macrophages of the CNS and have the potential to induce and control neuroinflammation.

Overview of a novel osmotin abolishes abnormal metabolic-associated adiponectin mechanism in Alzheimer's disease: Peripheral and CNS insights.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by abnormalities in cholinergic neurons, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades. The illness is accompanied by personality changes, memory issues, and dementia.

The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) as a main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition is considered a trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features of AD include phosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Lupeol protect against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and amyloid beta in adult mouse hippocampus.

Neuroinflammation includes the activation of immune glial cells in the central nervous system, release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which disrupt normal neural function and contribute to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. AD is characterized by various factors including amyloidogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, memory impairment and neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes a vital element of membrane of the gram-negative bacterial cell, triggering vigorous neuroinflammation and facilitating neurodegeneration.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tumour ecosystems feature diverse immune cell types. Myeloid cells, in particular, are prevalent and have a well-established role in promoting the disease.

Classification of Small Drones Using Low-Uncertainty Micro-Doppler Signature Images and Ultra-Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network.

Many studies have attempted to classify small drones in response to threats posed by the technical progress of small drones. Recently, small drones have been classified utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with micro-Doppler signature (MDS) images generated from frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars. This study proposes a comprehensive method for classifying small drones in real-time using high-quality MDS images and an ultra-lightweight CNN.

Analyzing isolated degeneration of lumbar facet joints: implications for degenerative instability and lumbar biomechanics using finite element analysis.

The facet joint contributes to lumbar spine stability as it supports the weight of body along with the intervertebral discs. However, most studies on the causes of degenerative lumbar diseases focus on the intervertebral discs and often overlook the facet joints. This study aimed to investigate the impact of facet joint degeneration on the degenerative changes and diseases of the lumbar spine.

Critical appraisal of machine learning prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: protocol for a systematic review.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder that is common, costly, and is increasing in incidence worldwide with over 300,000 hospitalizations occurring yearly in the United States alone. As its course and outcomes vary widely, a critical knowledge gap in the field has been a lack of accurate prognostic tools to forecast AP patients' outcomes. Despite several published studies in the last three decades, the predictive performance of published prognostic models has been found to be suboptimal.

Physical Unclonable Functions Employing Circularly Polarized Light Emission from Nematic Liquid Crystal Ordering Directed by Helical Nanofilaments.

This study proposes the use of physical unclonable functions employing circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) from nematic liquid crystal (NLC) ordering directed by helical nanofilaments in a mixed system composed of a calamitic NLC mixture and a bent-core molecule. To achieve this, an intrinsically nonemissive NLC is blended with a high concentration of a luminescent rod-like dye, which is miscible up to 10 wt % in the calamitic NLC without a significant decrease in the degree of alignment. The luminescence dissymmetry factor of CPLEs in the mixed system strongly depends on the degree of alignment of the dye-doped NLCs.

Immunization Effects of a Novel α-Synuclein-Based Peptide Epitope Vaccine in Parkinson's Disease-Associated Pathology.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system, specifically the motor system. It is mainly caused by the loss of dopamine due to the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Previous studies have reported that immunization may be a potential preventive strategy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Neuroprotective Effects of N-methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) against Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and the clinical symptoms of confusion, memory loss, and cognitive dysfunction. Despite enormous progress in the field, no curative treatment is available. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effects of N-methyl-(2S, 4R)-Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) obtained from Sideroxylon obtusifolium, a Brazilian folk medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.

Circularly Polarized Light Emission from Nonchiral Perovskites Incorporated into Nanoporous Cholesteric Polymer Templates.

Chiral perovskites have garnered significant attention, owing to their chiroptical properties and emerging applications. Current fabrication methods often involve complex chemical synthesis routes. Herein, an alternative approach for introducing chirality into nonchiral hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) using nanotemplates composed of cholesteric polymeric networks is proposed.

Implementing Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Acute Scrotal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Screening Testicular Torsion and Patient Flow Analysis.

Objectives: Testicular torsion (TT) is a pediatric surgical emergency that requires prompt treatment. This study investigated the feasibility of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing TT in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients, aged 18 years or younger, who visited a university-affiliated hospital pediatric ED with acute scrotal pain without trauma history and underwent diagnostic ultrasounds between January 2010 and October 2022.

A Triterpenoid Lupeol as an Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agent: Impacts on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease illustrated by neuronal dysfunctions, leading to memory weaknesses and personality changes mostly in the aged population worldwide. The exact cause of AD is unclear, but numerous studies have addressed the involvement of oxidative stress (OS), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), to be one of the leading causes in developing AD. OS dysregulates the cellular homeostasis, causing abnormal protein and lipid metabolism.

Vitamin E Analog Trolox Attenuates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice, Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Motor Impairment.

Trolox is a potent antioxidant and a water-soluble analog of vitamin E. It has been used in scientific studies to examine oxidative stress and its impact on biological systems. Trolox has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against ischemia and IL-1β-mediated neurodegeneration.

Caffeic Acid, a Polyphenolic Micronutrient Rescues Mice Brains against Aβ-Induced Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in cognitive dysfunctions and is seen in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that the polyphenolic compound caffeic acid possesses strong neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. The current study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of caffeic acid against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and memory impairments.

Safety and efficacy of pediatric sedation protocol for diagnostic examination in a pediatric emergency room: A retrospective study.

Pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room are frequently sedated. Although efforts are made to prevent adverse events, no sedation protocol has specified the optimal regimen, dosage, and interval of medication to prevent adverse events. This study analyzed the safety and efficacy of sequential pediatric sedation protocols for pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room of a single tertiary medical center.