Different multicellular trichome types coordinate herbivore mechanosensing and defense in tomato.

Herbivore-induced wounding can elicit a defense response in plants. However, whether plants possess a surveillance system capable of detecting herbivore threats and initiating preparatory defenses before wounding occurs remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichomes can detect and respond to the mechanical stimuli generated by herbivores.

The Effects of Comprehensive Sexual and Reproductive Health/Family Planning Intervention Based on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among the Domestic Migrant Population of Reproductive Age in China: A Randomized Community Study.

: Domestic migrant populations are highly mobilized at a sexually active age, and often fail to meet their needs for contraception. Moreover, they assume sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks and utilize fewer family planning services. : A quasi-experimental trial (community intervention) was adopted.

[Prevalence of urogenital tract infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum or HPV among men of reproductive age and the associated factors].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of urogenital tract infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and human papilloma virus (HPV) in males of reproductive age and the associated factors.

Methods: Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and a structured questionnaire, we conducted an investigation among 18－50 years old males in Songjiang District, Shanghai, from August 2016 to July 2018. We collected secretory specimens from the urogenital tract of the subjects and detected the infections of UU and HPV by laboratory examination.

Association between factors related to family planning/sexual and reproductive health and contraceptive use as well as consistent condom use among internal migrant population of reproductive ages in three cities in China, based on Heckprobit selection models.

Objective: With the increased population mobility and the transition in population policy, scholars are quite concerned about family planning/sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and related factors among internal migrant population of reproductive age. Therefore, the proposed study was designed to explore the association between factors related to family planning/SRH and contraceptive use as well as consistent condom use among the above-described population in China.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Single or double semen samples: the dilemma in epidemiological studies on semen quality.

Study Question: Is it necessary to collect more than one semen sample from each individual in epidemiological studies?

Summary Answer: Single semen samples can be used in model construction as long as the model adjusts for major relevant covariates.

What Is Known Already: If a series of semen samples are taken from one individual at different times, significant intra-individual variation may exist.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 December 2000 to 20 November 2002.

Induced abortion and breast cancer: results from a population-based case control study in China.

Aim: To determine whether induced abortion (IA) increases breast cancer (BC) risk.

Materials And Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed from Dec, 2000 to November, 2004 in Shanghai, China, where IA could be verified through the family planning network and client medical records. Structured questionnaires were completed by 1,517 cases with primary invasive epithelial breast cancer and 1,573 controls frequency- matched to cases for age group.

Efficacy of a combined contraceptive regimen consisting of condoms and emergency contraception pills.

Background: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the combined regimen (consisting of condoms and emergency contraception pills (ECP)) and using condoms only for the purpose of preventing pregnancy.

Methods: One-thousand-five-hundred-and-sixty-two (1,562) couples as volunteers enrolled at nine centers in Shanghai. Eight-hundred-and-twelve (812) were randomized to use male condoms and ECP (i.

Male rural-to-urban migrants and risky sexual behavior: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.

This study examined the prevalence and the determinants of risky sexual behavior (defined as having multiple sex partners and paying for sex) among male rural-to-urban migrants in China. An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior associated with increased risk of risky sexual behavior from 4,069 subjects. In total 1,132 (27.

Unmarried male migrants and sexual risk behavior: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.

Background: In China, there is increasing concern because of the rapid increase in HIV infection recorded over recent years. Migrant workers are recognized as one of the groups most affected. In this study, HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among unmarried migrant workers in Shanghai are investigated, with the aim of providing critical information for policy makers and sex educators to reinforce sexual health services and sex health education targeting the behavior and sexual health of unmarried male migrants.

Assessment of the magnitude of contextual and individual demographic effects on diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in rural Southwest China: a multilevel analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the contribution of individual and contextual socioeconomic status (SES) to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in the adult population in rural southwest China.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of diabetes was performed in 4801(2152 men) Chinese adults (≥ 25 years old). Multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the association between individuals' and townships' variables and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance.

[The influence of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality].

Objective: To explore the effect and heaviness of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality.

Methods: A total of 727 eligible subjects including 421 smokers and 306 nonsmokers were selected in 2004 - 2006 in Hebei, Shanxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces. Data on background information, general demographic characteristics, exposure to smoking and related confounding factors were obtained through a questionnaire survey.

[The influence of high birth weight on the blood pressure during childhood - a cohort study].

Objective: To explore the effects of high birth weight (HBW) on blood pressure (BP) during childhood.

Methods: A total of 1435 couples with high or normal birth weight were selected from a birth cohort who were born between 1993 and 1995 in Wuxi, China and, followed between 2005 and 2007. A questionnaire survey was conducted, with their height, weight and blood pressure measured.

Does high load of oxidants in human semen contribute to male factor infertility?

Basal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was essential for male reproductive function, whereas high ROS levels may be linked to low quality of sperm and male infertility. We examined the associations between ROS levels in whole ejaculates and sperm quality among 1092 male factor infertility (MFI) patients and 50 donors with normal semen characteristics. ROS levels were significantly positively correlated with abnormal morphology rate, head defect, and sperm deformity index.

Turning point of age for semen quality: a population-based study in Chinese men.

Objective: To explore the relationship between age and semen quality in Chinese men.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting: The Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, People's Republic of China.

Selection and use of contraceptive methods among internal migrant workers in three large Chinese cities: a workplace-based survey.

Objectives: To describe the current status of the decision-making process with regard to the use of contraceptive methods among internal migrant workers in three large Chinese cities.

Methods: A total of 4313 sexually active internal migrant workers were recruited in Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. Information on contraceptive use was collected by means of questionnaires.

[Effect of acupoint-catgut-embedment on mammary gland hyperplasia].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint-catgut-embedment therapy in the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH).

Methods: Eighty MGH patients were equally randomized into acupoint-catgut-embedment (ACE) group and medication (Rupixiao, a herbal patent drug for relieving MGH) group according to odd-numbered days or even-numbered days of visiting. Subcutaneous catgut-embedment was performed in Wuyi (ST 15), Rugen (ST 18), Tanzhong (CV 17), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), once every 15 days for 3 months.

[Association between age and quality of semen in Chinese males with normal fertility].

Objective: To explore the association between age and variables of semen in Chinese males with normal fertility.

Methods: The population size under study would consist of 946 fertile male volunteers from 6 provinces of China, aged between 20 and 59. Semen quality was analyzed by hand on site and background information was obtained through structured questionnaire.

Reference values of semen parameters for healthy Chinese men.

Aims: To establish reference values of semen parameters in a residential, geographic, and age representative sample of healthy Chinese men.

Methods: From a national study of 1,191 healthy Chinese men, semen samples were analyzed from 105 subjects whose wives or partners were pregnant within the 12 months prior to the date when the semen sample was taken.

Results: The means, fifth percentiles, and percentages lower than the WHO criteria for semen parameters were, respectively: 75.

Do reproductive hormones explain the association between body mass index and semen quality?

Aim: To examine whether reproductive hormones play a role in the association between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality.

Methods: Semen quality and testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E(2)) were evaluated in 990 fertile males with age 38.9 +/- 9.

Do Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in the genital tract affect semen quality?

Unlabelled: To investigate the relationship between Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and semen quality.

Methods: From 2001 to 2003, 346 eligible patients aged 20-45 years were invited from two hospitals in Shanghai, China, to participate in an investigation which included questionnaires about general and reproductive health, an external genital tract examination, UU culture and semen analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether UU had a significant effect on semen quality after adjustment for confounding factors.

Does exposure to computers affect the routine parameters of semen quality?

Aim: To assess whether exposure to computers harms the semen quality of healthy young men.

Methods: A total of 178 subjects were recruited from two maternity and children healthcare centers in Shanghai, 91 with a history of exposure to computers (i.e.

[Epidemiological study on semen quality of 562 volunteers aged 22-30].

Objective: This study is to understand the difference of semen quality among the different areas and the related factors.

Methods: Five hundred and sixty-two people were under from seven provinces.

Results: Results showed that the quantity and density of semen, the rate of moving forward semen, livability, percent age of normal formed semen and the total number of semen were statistically different among the seven areas.