Development and application of a recombinase-aided amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid visual detection of anguillid herpesvirus 1.

Eel (Anguilla sp.) is an important freshwater-cultured species with high economic value in China. Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) has been proven to be the pathogen of "mucus sloughing and haemorrhagic septicaemia disease" in eels, resulting in significant mortality and substantial losses to the eel industry.

Immune responses and protective efficacy of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against Anguillid herpesvirus.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV), the causative agent of "mucus sloughing and hemorrhagic septicemia disease", causes serious infectious diseases in farmed eel. Among the effective prevention and control strategies, vaccination is one of the most effective approaches. However, no vaccine for AngHV is available.

Metagenomic analysis fecal microbiota of dysentery-like diarrhoea in a pig farm using next-generation sequencing.

Porcine enteric diseases including swine dysentery involves a wide range of possible aetiologies and seriously damages the intestine of pigs of all ages. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is commonly used in research for detecting and analyzing pathogens. In this study, the feces of pigs from a commercial swine farm with dysentery-like diarrhea was collected and used for microbiota analysis by next-generation sequencing.

Expression Profiles of Zebrafish () Lysozymes and Preparation of c-Type Lysozyme with High Bacteriolytic Activity against .

Lysozyme is a crucial component of the host's innate immune system. Due to its natural non-toxic and harmless characteristics, lysozyme is considered to be an ideal antibiotic substitute. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of lysozymes from zebrafish () in uninfected or -infected tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Proteomic Profiling Skin Mucus of European Eel Infected with Anguillid Herpesvirus.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) is an important viral pathogen affecting eel. This study was designed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms and immune response elicited at the protein levels in the skin mucus of AngHV-infected . Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling proteomics with the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for performing quantitative identification of the proteins.

Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European eel, Anguilla anguilla.

Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β-actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms.

Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is Associated with Viral Late Stage Replication.

nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is conserved among all Lepidoptera baculoviruses that have been completely sequenced thus far, and some baculoviruses even have two copies of , which suggested that may play an important role in the virus infection cycle. This study aimed to characterize BmNPV . We found that BmNPV transcripts were detectable as early as 3 h post-infection (hpi), and the transcript levels rapidly increased starting from 12 hpi.

Isolation of a novel adomavirus from cultured American eels, Anguilla rostrata, with haemorrhagic gill necrosis disease.

Recently, the culture of American eels (Anguilla rostrate) in China has been impacted by emergence of a disease with signs of haemorrhagic gill necrosis. The gills of diseased eels are covered with petecchia and they bleed when the operculum is pressed. In this study, a novel American eel adomavirus (AEAdoV) was isolated from the diseased eels using the eel ovary cell line (EO).

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) ORF95 encodes a late, structural envelope protein.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) is one of the vital pathogenic agents found in the wild and cultured eel populations, which has brought significant losses to eel culture industry in China. In this study, AngHV ORF95 was characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that ORF95 putatively encodes a structural protein that is homologous to hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV).

An insect nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) functions as an effector protein in wheat - Hessian fly interactions.

Like pathogens, galling insects deliver effectors into plant tissues that induce gall formation. The gall midge Mayetiola destructor, also called Hessian fly, can convert a whole wheat seedling into a gall by inducing the formation of nutritive cells at the feeding site, inhibiting wheat growth, and reprogramming metabolic pathways of the attacked plants. Here we demonstrated the identification of a secreted Hessian fly protein, the nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), in infested wheat plants through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and western blots.

Development of an in vitro model system to study the interactions between Mycobacterium marinum and teleost neutrophils.

The lack of a reliable mammalian neutrophil in vitro culture system has restricted our ability to examine their precise roles in mycobacterial infections. Previously, we developed the procedures for the isolation and culture of primary kidney-derived neutrophil-like cells from goldfish that are functionally and morphologically similar to mammalian neutrophils. The cultured primary goldfish neutrophils exhibited prolonged viability and functional effector responses.

Analysis of the immune response in infections of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) with Mycobacterium marinum.

The rapid doubling time and genetic relatedness of the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum to Mycobacterium tuberculosis has rendered the former an attractive model for investigating mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions. We employed the M. marinum-goldfish infection model to investigate the in vivo immune responses to this pathogen in the context of a natural host.

Ozone treatment ameliorates oil sands process water toxicity to the mammalian immune system.

We evaluated whether ozonation ameliorated the effects of the organic fraction of oil sands process water (OSPW) on immune functions of mice. Ozonation of OSPW eliminated the capacity of its organic fraction to affect various mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) functions in vitro. These included the production of nitric oxide and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, the production of reactive oxygen intermediates and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, phagocytosis, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes.

Characterization of a late gene, ORF75 from Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Open reading frame 75 (Bm-p33) of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a homologue of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF92. The gene is conserved among all baculoviruses that have been completely sequenced to date and is considered to be a baculovirus core set gene. No amino acid mutation was found in Bm-p33 sequences among six BmNPV strains differing in geography, phenotype, or host.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF9 is a gene involved in the budded virus production and infectivity.

The ORF9 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) (Bm9) is conserved in all completely sequenced lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Bm9 is an early and late transcribed gene that is initiated at 3 h post-infection, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that Bm9 is localized mainly in the cytoplasm of infected cells. To determine the role of Bm9 during virus infection, Bm9 was knocked out by recombination in a BmNPV genome propagated as a bacmid in Escherichia coli.

Differentially expressed genes in resistant and susceptible Bombyx mori strains infected with a densonucleosis virus.

We investigated variations in the gene expression of Bombyx mori following infection with a densonucleosis virus (BmDNV-Z). Two B. mori near-isogenic lines, Jingsong and Jingsong.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF56 encodes an occlusion-derived virus protein and is not essential for budded virus production.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF56 (Bm56) is a baculovirus core gene that is highly conserved in all baculoviruses that have had their genomes sequenced to date. Its transcripts in BmNPV-infected cells could be detected from 12 h post-infection (p.i.

Characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus with a deletion of the baculovirus core gene Bm67.

Open reading frame (ORF) 67 (Bm67) of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a highly conserved gene that is found in all completely sequenced baculoviruses; its function is unknown. In the present study, a Bm67-knockout virus was generated for studying the role of Bm67 in the BmNPV infection cycle. Furthermore, a Bm67-repair bacmid was constructed by transposing the Bm67 native promoter-promoted Bm67 ORF into the polyhedrin locus of the Bm67-knockout bacmid.

Characterization of an early gene orf122 from Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus.

The open reading frame 122 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) (Bm122) has been observed to be a conserved gene in the lepidopteran baculoviruses that have been completely sequenced so far. Its transcript was detected at 3 h post infection (h p.i.