Climacocystaceae fam. nov. and Gloeoporellaceae fam. nov., two new families of Polyporales (Basidiomycota).

Polyporales is a diverse group of Agaricomycetes including more than 2,500 species belonging to 255 genera and 18 families. Recently, many studies focused on the classification of Polyporales, but the familial placements of some taxa remain uncertain. In this study, two new families, Climacocystaceae and Gloeoporellaceae of Polyporales, are proposed based on morphological characters and molecular data.

Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study.

This preliminary survey analysed mussel atresia incidences, estrogen-responsive and apoptotic-specific molecular end points, and aqueous and gonadal levels of selected estrogens from the East China coast. Estrogen levels were low (e.g.

Four new species of subgenus from China.

subgenus is widely distributed in the world. In this study, 114 specimens were included in multigene phylogenetic analyses that allowed a better circumscription of the four sections in . subg.

Time spent outside of the hospital, CKD progression, and mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Home time-being out of any healthcare facility-has been proposed as a patient-centered outcome. This novel measure has not been investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to determine whether there was an association between home time and occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or all-cause mortality during 1 year of follow-up.

Patterns of PCR Amplification Artifacts of the Fungal Barcode Marker in a Hybrid Mushroom.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in modern biology and medicine. However, PCR artifacts can complicate the interpretation of PCR-based results. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster is the consensus fungal barcode marker and suspected PCR artifacts have been reported in many studies, especially for the analyses of environmental fungal samples.

Species Diversity, Phylogeny, Divergence Time, and Biogeography of the Genus (Basidiomycota).

"Sanghuang" is a popular fungus used as a Chinese traditional medicine. In fact, it represents a group of fungi belonging to the genus , but little is known about its origin and biogeography. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular relationships, origin and biogeographical distribution of .

Bioaccumulation, tissue distribution and joint toxicity of erythromycin and cadmium in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

The bioaccumulation of erythromycin (ETM) and cadmium (Cd) in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and subsequent toxicity on pathological changes and enzymatic activities were investigated during 21-day exposure to ETM, Cd, and Cd + ETM mixture. The bioaccumulation of Cd and ETM residues in crab tissues decreased as gill > hepatopancreas > muscle > ovary, with higher Cd bioaccumulation than ETM. The highest Cd bioaccumulation in crab reached 1.

[Fluorescence Characterization of Fractionated Colloids in Wastewaters Received by Huangpu River].

The spectral characteristics of fractionated colloids in wastewaters from Huangpu River were isolated and investigated via cross flow ultrafiltration systems with different molecular mass of membranes and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the colloidal concentration (CC) and colloidal organic carbon content (COC) of all size fractions in all samples were in the ranges 9.60-32.

Low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with anxiety in children and adolescents with dialysis.

Anxiety is a frequent and serious complication of children and adolescents receiving dialysis. Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with anxiety in non-pediatric patients. This study sought to examine the possible association between serum vitamin D levels and the presence of anxiety in children and adolescents with dialysis in China.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Favolus (Basidiomycota).

Favolus is a natural genus that is closely related to Polyporus. A taxonomic study of Favolus was carried out based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and 18S and 28S genes of the nuc rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α), the mt 16S rDNA gene (mt rrnS), β-tubulin gene (TBB1), and the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2) genes.

Tropic origins, a dispersal model for saprotrophic mushrooms in Agaricus section Minores with descriptions of sixteen new species.

Agaricus section Minores contains the richest species diversity within the genus. Its Phylogeny is firstly presented by a Maximum Likelihood tree generated through DNA sequences from four gene regions of 91 species. Furthermore, a molecular dating analysis is conducted used those sequences, and it provided the divergence times of the clades within section Minores.

Bioaccumulation of sulfadiazine and subsequent enzymatic activities in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

The bioaccumulation of sulfadiazine and subsequent enzymatic activities in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were studied in microcosms, by exposing to 50, 100, 500 and 1000ng/L of sulfadiazine for 44days. An effective method for extracting sulfadiazine in crab tissues was established by modifying the cleanup method after ultrasound extraction, with improved recoveries of 61.8%, 93.

Effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac and paracetamol on hatch and motor behavior in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are widely used as pain relief medicines are causing increasing environmental concern due to their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plant and potential toxicity on endocrine, kidney and reproduction in teleost fish. This study focused on the effects of widely used ibuprofen, diclofenac and paracetamol on the hatch and motor ability of early-stage zebrafish, by exposing embryos to the target chemicals at 5, 50 and 500 μg/L starting from 6 h postfertilization (hpf). A significant reduction in hatch rate at 55 hpf was caused by both ibuprofen (-63%) and diclofenac (-58%) at 500 μg/L.

Expression of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retroelements and Induction of Type I Interferon in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Disease.

Objective: Increased expression of type I interferon (IFN) and a broad signature of type I IFN-induced gene transcripts are observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other systemic autoimmune diseases. To identify disease-relevant triggers of the type I IFN pathway, this study sought to investigate whether endogenous virus-like genomic repeat elements, normally silent, are expressed in patients with systemic autoimmune disease, and whether these retroelements could activate an innate immune response and induce type I IFN.

Methods: Expression of type I IFN and long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1; L1) was studied by polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in samples of kidney tissue from patients with lupus nephritis and minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

New species of from China.

In this paper, a new species, , is introduced. . is characterized by granulose or powdery pileus with an anatomic structure that is loosely globose, as well as ellipsoid cells in chains in the pileus covering the cheilocystidia.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Polyporus Group Melanopus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China.

Melanopus is a morphological group of Polyporus which contains species with a black cuticle on the stipe. In this article, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Melanopus group were carried out on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and β-tubulin gene sequences (β-tubulin). The phylogenetic result confirmed that the previously so-called Melanopus group is not a monophyletic assemblage, and species in this group distribute into two distinct clades: the Picipes clade and the Squamosus clade.

Transcriptional and morphological effects of tamoxifen on the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Tamoxifen is a widely used anticancer drug with both an estrogen agonist and antagonist effect. This study focused on its endocrine disrupting effect, and overall environmental significance. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0.

Tidal impact on the dynamic behavior of dissolved pharmaceuticals in the Yangtze Estuary, China.

The dynamic behavior of 24 dissolved pharmaceuticals over tidal cycles in the Yangtze Estuary, China was studied to assess the tidal impact on the fate of pharmaceutical residues. The results show that most pharmaceuticals were frequently detected with concentrations from below detection to 27.2 ng/L, with sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, erythromycin, thiamphenicol and florfenicol dominating.

[Concentration and distribution characteristics of estrogen in aquatic organism from Chongming Island].

Five typical estrogens, including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA), were simultaneously determined in typical aquatic organisms from Chongming Island by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS2). The distribution pattern of estrogens was studied and preliminary heath risk assessment was discussed. The results showed that the total dry weight concentrations of estrogens were from 1.

Simultaneous determination of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

A sensitive and reliable analytical method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been developed for simultaneously determining the steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish. The most effective extraction of the target EDCs is achieved by using PLE with on-line purification and the parameters have been optimized as follows: extraction solvent - methanol-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), on-line purification material - 5 g alumina (5% water), extraction - 3 cycles, static extraction time - 5 min and extraction temperature - 60°C. Compared to the Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE), freezing-lipid filtration combined with n-hexane defatting clean-up obtains much better recoveries of the target compounds and provide cleaner extracts.

Matrix effect in high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of antibiotics in environmental water samples.

This paper describes the matrix effect during the analysis of ten antibiotic compounds in water by SPE followed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The target analytes were tetracycline, oxytetracycline (tetracyclines), sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine (sulfonamides), erythromycin-H(2)O, roxithromycine, spiramycin (macrolides), ofloxacin, and norfloxacin (quinolones). The matrix effect was examined for internal standards and the target analytes in five different water matrixes, with signal suppression being increased in the order: ultrapure water, tap water, river water, sewage effluent, and sewage influent.

Spry2 expression correlates with BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer.

Background: BRAF mutations activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and often confer an aggressive thyroid cancer (TC) phenotype. Spry2 is an inducible negative feedback regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Spry2 in TC.

Palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy for stage IV gastric cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the value of palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy in a large series of patients with stage IV gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 389 patients were identified in survival analysis. Among which, 183 cases received palliative gastrectomy (PG) and 206 cases received unresectable operation, 184 cases received palliative chemotherapy (PC) and 205 cases did not receive chemotherapy.

Contamination of soil, leaves and vegetables by polychlorinated biphenyls in Xiamen region, China.

The paper aimed to identify the primary of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the Jiulong River Estuary, investigate the spatial distribution of PCBs contamination in the environment, localize the atmospheric source and evaluate ongoing PCBs emissions by analyzing soil samples collected along the Jiulong River region. In addition, the accumulation of PCBs in the human food chain was quantified by analyzing leaf of orange trees and vegetable samples collected along a gradient of soil/atmospheric contamination moving away from the source. Consequently, the impact on the human health and the ecosystem was quantified, different management options were proposed to reduce this impact and to carry out research on organic contaminants along the Jiulong River and Xiamen region.