Comparison of emulsifying capacity of two hemicelluloses from moso bamboo in soy oil-in-water emulsions.

Oil-in-water food emulsions consisting of natural emulsifiers has been an active field of green scientific inquiry. Here, we extract two types of new hemicellulose-based emulsifiers (H and H) from holocellulose and dewaxed materials of bamboo (), as well as compare their emulsifying soy oil ability, respectively. The main content of H is arabinoxylan, while the primary composition in H is glucan.

MnO@Corncob Carbon Composite Electrode and All-Solid-State Supercapacitor with Improved Electrochemical Performance.

Two corncob-derived carbon electrode materials mainly composed of micropores (activated carbon, AC) and mesopores/macropores (corncob carbon, CC) were prepared and studied after the anodic electrodeposition of MnO. The capacity of the MnO/activated carbon composite (MnO@AC) electrode did not noticeably increase after MnO electrodeposition, while that of the MnO/corncob carbon composite (MnO@CC) electrode increased up to 9 times reaching 4475 mF cm. An asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using AC as the anode, MnO@CC as the cathode, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/LiCl gel as the electrolyte.

Synthesis and Characteristic of Xylan-grafted-polyacrylamide and Application for Improving Pulp Properties.

Recently, more attentions have been focused on the exploration of hemicelluloses in the paper industry. In this work, xylan-grafted-polyacrylamide (xylan-g-PAM) biopolymers were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of xylan with acrylamide, and their interaction with fibers was also investigated to improve waste newspaper pulp properties with or without cationic fiber fines. The influences of synthesis conditions were studied on the grafting ratio and the grafting efficiency of biopolymers.

Synthesis of Acylated Xylan-Based Magnetic Fe₃O₄ Hydrogels and Their Application for H₂O₂ Detection.

Acylated xylan-based magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite hydrogels (ACX-MNP-gels) were prepared by fabricating Fe₃O₄ nanoctahedra in situ within a hydrogel matrix which was synthesized by the copolymerization of acylated xylan (ACX) with acrylamide and -isopropylacrylamide under ultraviolet irradiation. The size of the Fe₃O₄ fabricated within the hydrogel matrix could be adjusted through controlling the crosslinking concentrations (C). The magnetic hydrogels showed desirable magnetic and mechanical properties, which were confirmed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, physical property measurement system, SEM, TGA, and compression test.

Xylan-Modified-Based Hydrogels with Temperature/pH Dual Sensitivity and Controllable Drug Delivery Behavior.

Among the natural macromolecules potentially used as the scaffold material in hydrogels, xylan has aroused great interest in many fields because of its biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability. In this work, new pH and thermoresponsive hydrogels were prepared by the cross-linking polymerization of maleic anhydride-modified xylan (MAHX) with -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AA) under UV irradiation to form MAHX--P(NIPAm-co-AA) hydrogels. The pore volume, the mechanical properties, and the release rate for drugs of hydrogels could be controlled by the degree of substitution of MAHX.

Molecular mechanism of G arrest and cellular senescence induced by LEE011, a novel CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor, in leukemia cells.

Background: Overexpression of cyclin D1 dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is a common feature of many human cancers including leukemia. LEE011 is a novel inhibitor of both CDK4 and 6. To date, the molecular function of LEE011 in leukemia remains unclear.

Inhibiting PLK1 induces autophagy of acute myeloid leukemia cells via mammalian target of rapamycin pathway dephosphorylation.

Decreased autophagy is accompanied by the development of a myeloproliferative state or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML cells are often sensitive to autophagy‑inducing stimuli, prompting the idea that targeting autophagy can be useful in AML cytotoxic therapy. AML NB4 cells overexpressing microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-green fluorescent protein were screened with 69 inhibitors to analyze autophagy activity.

A novel sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor (SKI-5C) induces cell death of Wilms' tumor cells and .

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is over-expressed in many cancers and therefore serves as a biomarker for cancer prognosis. SKI-5C is a new SphK1 inhibitor, and until now its molecular function in Wilms' tumor cells remained unknown. Here, using CCK-8 and nude mice experiments we assessed cell growth in Wilms' tumor cell lines (SK-NEP-1 and G401) and .

Synthesis and properties of hemicelluloses-based semi-IPN hydrogels.

Hemicelluloses were extracted from holocellulose of bamboo by alkaline treatment. The phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-PVA) samples with various substitution degrees were prepared through the esterification of PVA and phosphoric acid. A series of hydrogels of semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi-IPN) composed of hemicelluloses-g-poly(acrylic acid) (HM-g-PAA) and the phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-PVA) were prepared by radical polymerization using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator.

Separation and characterization of acetyl and non-acetyl hemicelluloses of Arundo donax by ammonium sulfate precipitation.

Delignified Arundo donax was sequentially extracted with DMSO, saturated barium hydroxide, and 1.0 M aqueous NaOH solution. The yields of the soluble fractions were 10.

Highly effective adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by macroporous xylan-rich hemicelluloses-based hydrogel.

Xylan-rich hemicelluloses-based hydrogel was developed as a novel porous bioadsorbent by graft co-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and xylan-rich hemicelluloses for adsorption of heavy metal ions (Pd(2+), Cd(2+), and Zn(2+)) from aqueous solutions. The chemical structure, the interaction between the hydrogel and metal ions, and the porous structure of xylan-rich hemicelluloses-g-AA hydrogel were revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of AA and cross-linker dosage, pH value, contacting time, and initial concentration of metal ion on the adsorption capacity were studied.

Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric xylan-type hemicelluloses by microwave irradiation.

In this study, a novel amphoteric macromolecule was synthesized by sequential incorporation of carboxymethyl and quaternary ammonium groups into the backbone of xylan-type hemicelluloses under microwave irradiation. The reaction parameters such as the molar ratio of reagent (NaOH or 3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride)/anhydroxylose unit in hemicelluloses, the temperature, and the reaction time were investigated to optimize the reaction condition. The maximum degrees of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl and quaternary ammonium groups under the optimum reaction condition were 0.

Nanocomposite films based on xylan-rich hemicelluloses and cellulose nanofibers with enhanced mechanical properties.

Interest in xylan-rich hemicelluloses (XH) film is growing, and efforts have been made to prepare XH films with improved mechanical properties. This work described an effective approach to produce nanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical properties by incorporation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) into XH. Aqueous dispersions of XH (64-75 wt %), sorbitol (16-25 wt %), and CNF (0-20 wt %) were cast at a temperature of 23 °C and 50% relative humidity.

Xylan-rich hemicelluloses-graft-acrylic acid ionic hydrogels with rapid responses to pH, salt, and organic solvents.

Exploitation of biomaterials derived from renewable resources is an important approach to address environmental and resource problems in the world today. In this paper, novel ionic hydrogels based on xylan-rich hemicelluloses were prepared by free radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and xylan-rich hemicelluloses (XH) by using N,N-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate/N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (APS/TMEDA) as redox initiator system. The network characteristics of the ionic hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by determination of mechanical properties, swelling, and stimuli responses to pH, salts, and organic solvents.

Microwave-induced synthesis of carboxymethyl hemicelluloses and their rheological properties.

In this article, a facile, rapid, and efficient method was developed for the preparation of carboxymethyl hemicelluloses using microwave-induced organic reaction enhancement chemistry. The influences of the factors including reaction time, temperature, and the amount of sodium monochloroacetate and sodium hydroxide on the degree of substitution (DS) of the products were investigated. The rheological properties and the chemical structure of the resulting polymers were also studied.

Homogeneous esterification of xylan-rich hemicelluloses with maleic anhydride in ionic liquid.

Generation of bioenergy, new functional polymers, or chemicals and biomaterials from hemicelluloses are important uses for biomass. In this paper, a novel functional biopolymer with carbon-carbon double bond and carboxyl groups was prepared by a homogeneous esterification of xylan-rich hemicelluloses (XH) with maleic anhydride in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid using LiOH as catalyst. The biopolymers with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.

Fractionation of alkali-solubilized hemicelluloses from delignified Populus gansuensis: structure and properties.

The dewaxed cell walls of Populus gansuensis were delignified with NaClO(2) and then sequentially extracted with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.

Fractional study of alkali-soluble hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugar cane bagasse.

The two hemicellulosic fractions were subsequentially extracted with 5% and 8% NaOH aqueous solution at a solid to liquid ratio of 1:25 (g mL(-1)) at 50 degrees C for 3 h from the water, 1 and 3% NaOH-treated sugar cane bagasse, and subfractionated into six preparations by a graded ethanol precipitation method at concentrations of 15%, 30% and 60% (v/v). Sugar composition and molecular weight analysis showed that, with an increasing concentration of ethanol, hemicellulosic subfractions with both higher Ara/Xyl ratios and higher molecular weights were obtained. In other words, with an increasing ethanol concentration from 15% to 60%, the Ara/Xyl ratios increased from 0.

Comparative study of hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugarcane bagasse.

The sequential treatment of dewaxed sugarcane bagasse with H(2)O and 1 and 3% NaOH at a solid to liquid ratio of 1:25 (g mL(-1)) at 50 degrees C for 3 h yielded 74.9% of the original hemicelluloses. Each of the hemicellulosic fractions was successively subfractionated by graded precipitation at ethanol concentrations of 15, 30, and 60% (v/v).

Fractionation of wheat and barley straw to access high-molecular-mass hemicelluloses prior to ethanol production.

The cost efficiency of the biorefining process can be improved by extracting high-molecular-mass hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic biomass prior to ethanol production. These hemicelluloses can be used in several high-value-added applications and are likely to be important raw materials in the future. In this study, steam pretreatment in an alkaline environment was used to pretreat the lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production and, at the same time, extract arabinoxylan with a high-molecular-mass.

Preparation of hemicellulosic derivatives with bifunctional groups in different media.

Wheat straw hemicelluloses were converted to novel bifunctional hemicellulosic derivatives by etherification using acrylamide as reactant and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The degree of substitution can be monitored by altering the molar ratio of acrylamide to xylose unit in hemicelluloses in the range of 1.0-10.

Rapid homogeneous lauroylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses under mild conditions.

Hemicellulose-based hydrophobic biomaterials with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.46 to 1.54 were synthesized under mild conditions in homogeneous media (N,N-dimethylformamide-lithium chloride) by reacting the native wheat straw hemicellulosic polymers with lauroyl chloride using 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst.

Preparation and characterization of hemicellulosic derivatives containing carbamoylethyl and carboxyethyl groups.

A series of novel water-soluble hemicellulosic derivatives, containing carbamoylethyl and carboxyethyl groups, were heterogeneously synthesized from wheat-straw hemicelluloses with acrylamide (AA) under alkaline conditions. The factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of catalysis to xylose unit in hemicelluloses and molar ratio of acrylamide to xylose unit in hemicelluloses, were investigated. The average degree of substitution (DS) was calculated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.

Studies of the lauroylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses under heating.

Lauroylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses in the N, N-dimethylformamide/lithium chloride system under microwave irradiation was studied. The parameters optimized included lauroyl chloride concentration as the molar ratio of xylose unit in hemicelluloses/lauroyl chloride (1:1-1:4), 4-dimethylaminopyridine concentration (2-10%), reaction time (1-8 min), molar ratio of xylose unit in hemicelluloses/triethylamine (1:2), and reaction temperature (78 degrees C). The reaction efficiency was measured by the yield and degree of substitution (DS).

Preparation and characterization of phthalated cellulose derivatives in room-temperature ionic liquid without catalysts.

Homogeneous modification of cellulose, isolated with 10% KOH from delignified sugarcane bagasse, was performed in room-temperature ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylinidazolium chloride with phthalic anhydride in the absence of catalyst. The results showed the degree of substitution of phthalated cellulosic derivatives, ranging from 0.10 to 0.