Distribution and morphological changes of the Golgi apparatus during Drosophila spermatogenesis.

In spermatogenesis, the Golgi apparatus is important for the formation of the acrosome, which is a sperm-specific organelle essential for fertilization. Comprehensive examinations of the spatiotemporal distribution and morphological characterizations of the Golgi in various cells during spermatogenesis are necessary for functional analyses and mutant screenings in the model eukaryote Drosophila. Here, we examined the distribution and morphology of the Golgi during Drosophila spermatogenesis with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy.

Regeneration of gastric mucosa during ulcer healing follows pathways that correspond to the ontogenetic course of rat fundic glands.

Gastric ulcers in humans are notoriously chronic and recurring lesions. Although the average individual who undergoes no treatments requires many years for healing, most studies on the healing process of the experimentally induced ulcers have mainly focused on the early stages. Natural history of the ulcer healing has not been completely revealed.

Comparative analysis and characterization of mutated thyroid peroxidases with disturbance expressed on the cell surface.

Five mutated thyroid peroxidases (TPO) with varying degrees of disturbance in cell surface expression, probably owing to misfolding, were comparatively analyzed. CHO-K1 cells transfected with these mutated mRNAs expressed TPO protein in 65.6-82.

A Novel Missense Mutation in the Thyroid Peroxidase Gene, R175Q, Resulting in Insufficient Cell Surface Enzyme in Two Siblings.

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) abnormality is one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism. Two missense mutations were found as a compound heterozygous mutation in two siblings with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism. One of these mutations, G614A (R175Q), was a novel mutation.

Partial iodide organification defect caused by a novel mutation of the thyroid peroxidase gene in three siblings.

Background: Three siblings with goitre and latent to mild hypothyroidism were suspected of having thyroid peroxidase (TPO) abnormality. Direct sequencing of their genomic DNAs showed two novel mutations of the TPO gene, one of which was G1687T (Gly533Cys; exon 9) and the other 1808-13del (Asp574/Leu575del; exon 10). The two mutations were compound heterozygous, as the former was found in their father's DNA as heterozygous, and the latter was found in DNA from their mother, also as heterozygous.

Cryofixation processing is an excellent method to improve the retention of adrenomedullin antigenicity.

We reappraised the precise immunohistochemical localization of adrenomedullin (AM) by means of the combined use of the catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) system and plunge freezing (PF)/freeze substitution (FS) for light microscopy or high-pressure freezing (HPF)/FS for electron microscopy, focusing on the rat adrenal gland and heart. In the case of adrenal glands, the PF processing showed that almost all medullary cells were intensively immunoreactive, while the cortical cells showed weak immunoreaction. In the heart, almost all cardiac muscle cells of the atria were also vividly stained with the PF/FS and the CSA enhancement.

Identification and characterization of an insect homologue of the vertebrate Golgi apparatus protein 1 (MG-160/cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor/E-selectin ligand-1/latent transforming growth factor-beta complex protein-1) with a Golgi-specific monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody 14F10 was raised against Golgi fractions from Sf21 cells and selected as Golgi specific. Immunohistochemical stainings with the antibody localized the antigen in Golgi cisterns of the cells. The antigen was purified and shown to be a 130-K membrane protein with N-glycans and intrachain disulfide bonds.

Two novel missense mutations in the thyroid peroxidase gene, R665W and G771R, result in a localization defect and cause congenital hypothyroidism.

Objective: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) deficiency is one of the causes of thyroid dyshormonogenesis, because TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. To determine the frequency and pattern of TPO abnormalities, we have been screening TPO genes of patients with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism.

Subjects And Methods: TPO genes of a patient with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism and her parents were directly sequenced, and two novel missense mutations (R665W and G771R) were found.