Physical properties, microbial adhesion, and biocompatibility of additively manufactured ceramic-reinforced resin: Effect of zwitterionic polymer content.

Statement Of Problem: Studies focusing on the effect of zwitterionic polymer content on the physical and biological properties of additively manufactured (AM) ceramic-reinforced resin for dental applications are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on the surface properties, mechanical properties, microbial adhesion, and cellular responses of ceramic-reinforced resins.

Material And Methods: Four different groups of AM resins filled with 60 wt% silicate-based composites and varying concentrations of MPC were prepared: 0 wt% (CRN), 1.

Surface properties and biofilm formation on resins for subtractively and additively manufactured fixed dental prostheses aged in artificial saliva: Effect of material type and surface finishing.

Statement Of Problem: Additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) have been widely used for fabricating resin-based fixed dental prostheses. However, studies on the effects of material type (AM or SM resin) and surface finishing (polishing or glazing) on the surface properties and biofilm formation are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of material type and surface finishing on the surface roughness, wettability, protein adsorption, and microbial adhesion of the AM and SM resins marketed for fixed restorations under artificial saliva-aged conditions.

Can deep learning-designed anterior tooth-borne crown fulfill morphologic, aesthetic, and functional criteria in clinical practice?

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the design outcomes of anterior crowns generated using deep learning (DL)-based software with those fabricated by a technician using conventional dental computer-assisted design (CAD) software without DL support, with a focus on the evaluation of crown morphology, function, and aesthetics.

Methods: Twenty-five in vivo datasets comprising maxillary and mandibular arch scans of prepared maxillary central incisors were utilized to design anterior crowns by using three methods: 1) a DL-based method resulting in as-generated outcome (DB), 2) a DL-based method further optimized by a technician (DM), and 3) a conventional CAD-based method (NC, control). Evaluations were conducted for crown morphology (total discrepancy volume (TDV), root mean square (RMS), positive average (PA) and negative average (NA) deviations), functional aspects (incisal path: deviations, length, and mean inclination), and aesthetics (crown width, height, width-to-height ratio, angular radius of mesioincisal line angle, proximal contact length, and tooth axis angle).

Deep learning-designed implant-supported posterior crowns: Assessing time efficiency, tooth morphology, emergence profile, occlusion, and proximal contacts.

Objectives: To compare implant supported crowns (ISCs) designed using deep learning (DL) software with those designed by a technician using conventional computer-aided design software.

Methods: Twenty resin-based partially edentulous casts (maxillary and mandibular) used for fabricating ISCs were evaluated retrospectively. ISCs were designed using a DL-based method with no modification of the as-generated outcome (DB), a DL-based method with further optimization by a dental technician (DM), and a conventional computer-aided design method by a technician (NC).

Topographical and crystalline change on surface by sandblasting improve flexural and shear bond strength of niobia-modified yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sandblasting on the physical properties and bond strength of two types of translucent zirconia: niobium-oxide-containing yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ((Y, Nb)-TZP) and 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). Fully sintered disc specimens were either sandblasted with 125 µm alumina particles or left as-sintered. Surface roughness, crystal phase compositions, and surface morphology were explored.

Tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion and proximal contacts of dental crowns designed by deep learning-based dental software: A comparative study.

Objectives: This study compared the tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion, and proximal contacts of dental crowns automatically generated via two deep learning (DL)-based dental software systems with those manually designed by an experienced dental technician using conventional software.

Methods: Thirty partial arch scans of prepared posterior teeth were used. The crowns were designed using two DL-based methods (AA and AD) and a technician-based method (NC).

Antimicrobial activity, surface properties, and cytotoxicity of microencapsulated phytochemicals incorporated into three-dimensionally printable dental polymers.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of three dimensionally-printed dental polymers (3DPs) incorporated with microencapsulated phytochemicals (MPs) and to assess their surface characteristics and cytotoxicity.

Methods: MPs derived from phytoncide oil and their specific chemical components were introduced into suspensions of three microbial species: Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Optical density was measured to determine the microbial growth in the presence of MPs for testing their antimicrobial activity.

Time efficiency, occlusal morphology, and internal fit of anatomic contour crowns designed by dental software powered by generative adversarial network: A comparative study.

Objectives: To evaluate the time efficiency, occlusal morphology, and internal fit of dental crowns designed using generative adversarial network (GAN)-based dental software compared to conventional dental software.

Methods: Thirty datasets of partial arch scans for prepared posterior teeth were analyzed. Each crown was designed on each abutment using GAN-based software (AI) and conventional dental software (non-AI).

Biological effects of gamma-ray sterilization on 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: An in vitro study.

Statement Of Problem: Selecting the sterilization method is important because sterilization can alter the surface chemistry of implant materials, including zirconia, and influence their cellular biocompatibility. Studies on the biological effects of sterilization on implant materials are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of gamma-ray irradiated 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) compared with unirradiated titanium, 3Y-TZP, and pure gold.

Oncologic Outcomes in Nipple-sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction and Total Mastectomy with Immediate Reconstruction in Women with Breast Cancer: A Machine-Learning Analysis.

Background: This study used a single-institution cohort, the Severance dataset, validated the results by using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database, adjusted with propensity-score matching (PSM), and analyzed by using a machine learning method. To determine whether the 5-year, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) are not inferior to those of women treated with total mastectomy/skin-sparing mastectomy (TM/SSM).

Methods: The Severance dataset enrolled 611 patients with early, invasive breast cancer from 2010 to 2017.

Effect of CAD-CAM restorative materials and scanning aid conditions on the accuracy and time efficiency of intraoral scans.

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of restorative materials and scanning aid conditions on the accuracy and time efficiency of intraoral scans.

Materials And Methods: Identical anatomic contour crowns were fabricated using the following materials: hybrid ceramic, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia, 4 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia, 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia, cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), resin, lithium disilicate, and feldspathic ceramic. The models were digitized and analyzed for accuracy (n = 10) under three scanning aid conditions (powder-based, liquid-based, and none).

Effect of translucency of CAD-CAM ceramic restorative materials and scanning aid conditions on the accuracy of intraoral scans.

Background/purpose: Subsurface scattering from translucent material would affect the digital scans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of translucency of ceramic restorative materials and scanning aid conditions on the accuracy of intraoral scans.

Materials And Methods: Identical anatomic contour crowns with ten ceramic restorative materials were fabricated: five zirconia, three lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, and two leucite reinforced glass-ceramic.

Effect of maximum support attachment angle on intaglio surface trueness of anatomic contour monolithic prostheses manufactured by digital light processing and zirconia suspension.

Statement Of Problem: Support structures are essential for the quality of resin-based prostheses made by the digital light processing (DLP), but few studies have evaluated the effect of support structure on the accuracy of zirconia-based anatomic contour prostheses.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of maximum support attachment angle (MSA) on the intaglio surface trueness of anatomic contour prostheses made by DLP and compare the trueness of 2-unit anatomic contour prostheses with that of those produced by milling.

Material And Methods: Anatomic contour single-unit prostheses were manufactured using DLP and a suspension with 3-mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia.

Spectroscopic sensing and quantification of AP-endonucleases using fluorescence-enhancement by - isomerization of cyanine dyes.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases are vital DNA repair enzymes, and proposed to be a prognostic biomarker for various types of cancer in humans. Numerous DNA sensors have been developed to evaluate the extent of nuclease activity but their DNA termini are not protected against other nucleases, hampering accurate quantification. Here we developed a new fluorescence enhancement (FE)-based method as an enzyme-specific DNA biosensor with nuclease-protection by three functional units (an AP-site, Cy3 and termini that are protected from exonucleolytic cleavage).

A method to implement the electrode-entropy differentiation for lithium batteries.

This work presents the method and apparatus for the reproduction of the electrode-entropy differentiation approach which provides a tool to nondesctructively determine the contribution of each electrode to the battery total entropy by performing a comparative study with another battery which shares the same composition for only one of its electrodes (semi-similar types). The 2 cells must go through the same aging process so the proposed method can be applied as follow. Firstly, an optional pre-processing step is performed, followed by linear regression between capacity loss and entropy evolution over the full SOC range.

Emerging roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A review.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) which plays a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Patients with GSD-Ia manifest life-threatening fasting hypoglycemia along with the excessive accumulation of hepatic glycogen and triglycerides which results in hepatomegaly and a risk of long-term complications such as hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (HCA/HCC). The etiology of HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ia, however, is unknown.

Atg6 Plays an Important Role in Anti-Microbial Defense Against in the Mealworm, .

Autophagy-related gene-6 (Beclin-1 in mammals) plays a pivotal role in autophagy and is involved in autophagosome formation and autolysosome maturation. In this study, we identified and characterized the autophagy-related gene-6 from () and analyzed its functional role in the survival of the insect against infection. The expression of was studied using qRT-PCR for the assessment of the transcript levels at various developmental stages in the different tissues.

Activation of tumor-promoting pathways implicated in hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma, a long-term complication of glycogen storage disease type Ia.

Hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC) is a long-term complication of the metabolic disorder glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6PC or G6Pase-α). We have shown previously that hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency leads to autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced glycolysis, and augmented hexose monophosphate shunt, all of which can contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ia remains unclear.

Liver Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency Leads to Profibrogenic Phenotype in a Murine Model of Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI.

Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase () gene are associated with the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD-VI). To understand the pathogenesis of GSD-VI, we generated a mouse model with deficiency ( ). mice exhibit hepatomegaly, excessive hepatic glycogen accumulation, and low hepatic free glucose along with lower fasting blood glucose levels and elevated blood ketone bodies.

Trueness of the Inner Surface of Monolithic Crowns Fabricated by Milling of a Fully Sintered (Y, Nb)-TZP Block in Chairside CAD-CAM System for Single-visit Dentistry.

A single-visit zirconia restoration can be easily achieved if direct milling of a fully sintered zirconia block can be performed without much effort. However, no studies have yet been reported regarding the evaluation of the trueness of crown fabricated from chairside-milling of a fully sintered zirconia block in the chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system for single-visit dentistry. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the trueness of crowns fabricated by milling a fully sintered zirconia block in the chairside CAD-CAM system and investigate the clinical implications for single-visit chairside restoration.

An evolutionary approach to optimizing glucose-6-phosphatase-α enzymatic activity for gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type Ia.

Glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia), caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC), is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis with a hallmark hypoglycemia, following a short fast. We have shown that G6pc-deficient (G6pc-/-) mice treated with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors expressing either wild-type (WT) (rAAV-hG6PC-WT) or codon-optimized (co) (rAAV-co-hG6PC) human (h) G6Pase-α maintain glucose homeostasis if they restore ≥3% of normal hepatic G6Pase-α activity. The co vector, which has a higher potency, is currently being used in a phase I/II clinical trial for human GSD-Ia (NCT03517085).

Gene therapy prevents hepatic tumor initiation in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia at the tumor-developing stage.

Hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC) is a long-term complication of glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia), which is caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Currently, there is no therapy to address HCA/HCC in GSD-Ia. We have previously shown that a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-mediated G6PC gene transfer to 2-week-old G6pc-/- mice prevents HCA development.

Molecular Cloning and Effects of -Silencing on Larval Survivability Against and in .

The 14-3-3 family of proteins performs key regulatory functions in phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways including cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of chromatin structure and autophagy. In this study, the zeta isoform of 14-3-3 proteins (designated as Tm14-3-3ζ) was identified from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) database of the coleopteran pest, . messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed at higher levels in the immune organs of the larval and adult stages of the insect and exhibit almost five-fold induction within 3 h post-infection of the larvae with and .

Sirtuin signaling controls mitochondrial function in glycogen storage disease type Ia.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and a long-term complication of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in GSD-Ia but the underlying mechanism and its contribution to HCA/HCC development remain unclear. We have shown that hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency leads to downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling that underlies defective hepatic autophagy in GSD-Ia.