Multiscale Mathematical Analysis of Influencing Factors and Experimental Verification of Microcrack Self-Healing Efficiency of Bitumen Composites Using Microcapsules.

The preparation and application of microcapsules containing healing agents have become a crucial way to enhance the self-healing capability of bitumen. This intelligent material has become a hot topic in the field of pavement material and has greatly stimulated the development and applications of pavement engineering. However, there has been no research focused on the relationship of the multistructures from the viewpoint of molecular-size, microsize, and macrosize, which significantly limits the predictions of the self-healing efficiency and structure design of this self-healing material.

Investigation of Asphalt Self-Healing Capability Using Microvasculars Containing Rejuvenator: Effects of Microvascular Content, Self-Healing Time and Temperature.

The oily rejuvenator acted as the healing agent in microvasculars. A tensile test was designed to evaluate the self-healing efficiency of asphalt affected by microvascular number, self-healing time and temperature. It was found that the healing agent was slowly released through the microporous channels on the inner shell of the microvascular.

Microstructure and Self-Healing Capability of Artificial Skin Composites Using Biomimetic Fibers Containing a Healing Agent.

The aging and damage of artificial skin materials for artificial intelligence robots are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in their application. In this work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers containing a liquid agent were fabricated directly as biomimetic microvasculars, which were mixed in a glycol-polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin network gel to form biomimetic self-healing artificial skin composites. The self-healing agent was a uniform-viscous buffer solution composed of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), which was mixed under 40 °C.

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation: Influencing factors, nucleation pathways, and application in waste water remediation.

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a technique that uses the metabolic action of microorganisms to produce CO which combines with free Ca to form CaCO precipitation. It has gained widespread attention in water treatment, aimed with the advantages of simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants, environmental protection, and ecological sustainability. This article reviewed the mechanism of MICP at both intra- and extra-cellular levels.

Smart Self-Nourishing and Self-Healing Artificial Skin Composite Using Bionic Microvascular Containing Liquid Agent.

Artificial skin composites have attracted great interest in functional composite materials. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a smart artificial skin composite comprising a bionic microvascular with both self-nourishing and self-healing functions. A poly(vinyl alcohol)-glycerol-gelatin double network organic hydrogel was used as the artificial skin matrix.

A mechanistic review on aerobic denitrification for nitrogen removal in water treatment.

The traditional biological nitrogen removal technology consists of two steps: nitrification by autotrophs in aerobic circumstances and denitrification by heterotrophs in anaerobic situations; however, this technology requires a huge area and stringent environmental conditions. Researchers reached the conclusion that the denitrification process could also be carried out in aerobic circumstances with the discovery of aerobic denitrification. The aerobic denitrification process is carried out by aerobic denitrifying bacteria (ADB), most of which are heterotrophic bacteria that can metabolize various forms of nitrogen compounds under aerobic conditions and directly convert ammonia nitrogen to N for discharge from the system.

Smart Self-Healing Capability of Asphalt Material Using Bionic Microvascular Containing Oily Rejuvenator.

It has become one of the research directions of intelligent materials for self-healing asphalt pavements to use a bionic microvascular containing oily rejuvenator. The rejuvenator in a microvascular can carry out the healing of asphalt micro-cracks, thus reducing the damage to and prolonging the life of asphalt pavement. The aim of this work was to investigate the smart self-healing capability of an asphalt/microvascular material through its microstructure and mechanical properties.

A new technology for simultaneous calcium-nitrate and fluoride removal in the biofilm reactor.

In this study, a biofilm reactor containing Acinetobacter sp.H12 was established to investigate the simultaneous denitrification, the removal of calcium and fluoride performance. The main precipitation components in the reactor were determined by SEM, XPS and XRD.

The mixotrophic denitrification characteristics of Zoogloea sp. L2 accelerated by the redox mediator of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.

Denitrification in mixed culture system has been extensively researched to date, but few studies have focused on accelerating the process using redox mediators to promote electron transfer. Strain L2, an iron-reducing bacteria, can remove 75.44% of nitrate under temperature of 30.

Highly efficient nitrate and phosphorus removal and adsorption of tetracycline by precipitation in a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol immobilized bioreactor.

Single denitrification using bacteria has been widely investigated, but few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal of nitrate, phosphorus. and tetracycline. Strain L2, an iron-reducing bacteria, was immobilized using chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol to simultaneously remove nitrate and phosphorus.

Simultaneous removal of nitrate, phosphorous and cadmium using a novel multifunctional biomaterial immobilized aerobic strain Proteobacteria Cupriavidus H29.

A novel biomaterial FeCl/CaCl/KHPO modified municipal sludge biochar (FCPC) was synthesized. And the impacts of critical factors such as HRT, temperature and C/N ratio on simultaneous denitrification, dephosphorization and Cd(II) removal were investigated. Results show that the highest nitrate removal efficiency reached 92.

Simultaneous nitrate, nickel ions and phosphorus removal in a bioreactor containing a novel composite material.

This study presents the novel composite material TMCC/PAA/SA@Fe(TPSA), a bacteria immobilized carrier for use in bioreactor systems to enhance the simultaneous removal efficiency of nitrate, Ni(II) and phosphorus. The influence of various operational factors were evaluated on the performance of nitrate, phosphorus and Ni(II) removal. Results demonstrate that under optimum conditions of an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h and pH 7.

Effect of hydraulic retention time, ZVI concentration, and Fe concentration on autotrophic denitrification efficiency with iron cycle bacterium strain CC76.

The immobilized reactor of iron-reducing bacteria and zero-valent iron (ZVI) integrated system was established. This study has shown that the effects of hydraulic retention times (9, 11, 13 h), ZVI concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 mg/L), and Fe concentrations (5, 10, 15 mg/L) on the denitrification characteristics of iron cycle bacterium strain CC76. The results show that the longer the HRT is, the stronger ability of bacteria to remove nitrate.

The performance and mechanism of simultaneous removal of fluoride, calcium, and nitrate by calcium precipitating strain Acinetobacter sp. H12.

A calcium precipitating and denitrifying bacterium H12 was used to investigate the F removal performance and mechanism. The results showed that the strain H12 reduced 85.24% (0.

Enhancement of the denitrification in low C/N condition and its mechanism by a novel isolated Comamonas sp. YSF15.

A novel denitrifying bacterium YSF15 was isolated from the Lijiahe Reservoir in Xi'an and identified as Comamonas sp. It exhibited excellent nitrogen removal ability under low C/N conditions (C/N = 2.5) and 94.

Multifunctional modified polyvinyl alcohol: A powerful biomaterial for enhancing bioreactor performance in nitrate, Mn(II) and Cd(II) removal.

The co-existence of multiple pollutants in wastewater such as nitrate and heavy metal, is of high concern due to the potential environmental impact. In this study, a novel biomaterial PPy@FeO/PVA was synthesized as a multifunctional bacteria immobilized carrier, to enhance simultaneous denitrification, Cd(II) and Mn(II) removal efficiency in bioreactor environments. The morphology and main components of the PPy@FeO/PVA material were characterized by SEM and XRD.

Performance and microbial community of simultaneous removal of NO-N, Cd and Ca in MBBR.

A moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) containing immobilized Acinetobacter sp.CN86 was operated to investigate the simultaneous denitrification, bio-mineralization and cadmium removal performance. Effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT) (4 h, 6 h and 8 h), pH (6.

Simultaneous removal of Cd, NO-N and hardness by the bacterium Acinetobacter sp. CN86 in aerobic conditions.

This study investigated the factors influencing the simultaneous removal of Cd, NO-N and hardness from water by the bacterial strain CN86. Optimum conditions were determined experimentally by varying the type of organic matter used, initial Cd concentration, and pH. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal ratios of Cd, NO-N and hardness were 100.

Kinetic analysis of denitrification coupled with Cd(II) removal by Cupriavidus sp. CC1 and its removal mechanism.

A simultaneous denitrification and Cd (II) removal of strain CC1 was isolated from Li Jiahe oligotrophic reservoir of Xi'an (China). Strain CC1 was identified as Cupriavidus sp. The first-order reaction kinetics equation was to model kinetic processes of mixotrophic anaerobic denitrification and Cd(II) removal, which showed an optimal NO-N removal rate was obtained at the C/N ratio of 5.

Microstructure and Properties of Self-Assembly Graphene Microcapsules: Effect of the pH Value.

Graphene has attracted attention in the material field of functional microcapsules because of its excellent characteristics. The content and state of graphene in shells are critical for the properties of microcapsules, which are greatly affected by the charge adsorption equilibrium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pH value on the microstructure and properties of self-assembly graphene microcapsules in regard to chemical engineering.

Characterization of the Cd(II) and nitrate removal by bacterium Acinetobacter sp. SZ28 under different electron donor conditions.

In this study, zero-valent iron (ZVI), nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), Fe(II), and Mn(II) were investigated for their effects on mixotrophic denitrification coupled with cadmium (Cd(II)) adsorption process by Acinetobacter sp. SZ28. The removal rates of nitrate were 0.

Biological floating bed and bio-contact oxidation processes for landscape water treatment: simultaneous removal of Microcystis aeruginosa, TOC, nitrogen and phosphorus.

The aim of this study was to identify algicidal bacteria J25 against the Microcystis aeruginosa (90.14%), Chlorella (78.75%), Scenedesmus (not inhibited), and Oscillatoria (90.