Blockade of NF-κB and MAPK pathways by ulinastatin attenuates wear particle-stimulated osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

Ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), is widely used to clinically treat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related inflammatory disorders recently. Adherent pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), of which LPS is the best-studied and classical endotoxin produced by Gram-negative bacteria, act to increase the biological activity of osteopedic wear particles such as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and titanium particles in cell culture and animal models of implant loosening. The present study was designed to explore the inhibitory effect of UTI on osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory osteolysis in LPS/PMMA-mediated Raw264.

Aesthetic and sensory reconstruction of finger pulp defects using free toe flaps.

Background: This study illustrates aesthetic and sensory reconstruction of finger pulp defects with free toe flaps from the lateral aspect of the great toe or the medial aspect of the second toe.

Methods: Between August 2007 and July 2010, free toe flaps were harvested and used for 21 fingers of 21 patients. The average patient age was 34.

Treatment of distal fingertip degloving injuries using a cross-finger flap based on the dorsal branch of the proper digital artery at the middle phalanx.

This study reports our experience with reconstruction of distal fingertip degloving injuries using a single cross-finger flap based on the dorsal branch of the proper digital artery at the middle phalanx. From January 2009 to October 2011, 18 patients (18 fingers) presented with distal fingertip degloving injuries and were treated with this technique. The mean size of the soft tissue defects was 4.