Treatment of Unruptured Large and Giant Paraclinoid Aneurysms in Japan at the Time of Flow Diverter Introduction: A Nationwide, Multicenter Survey by the Japanese Society on Surgery for Cerebral Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Large or giant paraclinoid aneurysms have been treated with various strategies, including clipping, coiling, and parent artery occlusion (PAO). In addition, flow diverters (FDs) have been introduced for the management of these aneurysms. The aim of this study was to examine the management of unruptured large/giant paraclinoid aneurysms in Japan when FDs were being introduced by a nationwide survey.

Isomaltodextrin inhibits kidney enlargement induced by a high-protein diet through its metabolism by gut microbiota.

To evaluate the effects of the soluble fiber isomaltodextrin in a protein-biased diet, a 21-day protein diet trial was conducted in rats, with 60% of the calories derived from protein. The results revealed that the high-protein diet alone led to a significant increase in kidney weight. In contrast, the consumption of water with 5% isomaltodextrin dissolved in it, along with a high-protein diet, suppressed this weight gain.

Supraspinal Plasticity of Axonal Projections From the Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury in Macaques.

During recovery following spinal cord injury in the macaque, the sensorimotor cortex on the same side as the injury (ipsilesional, unaffected) becomes activated and plays a role in guiding movements of the affected hand. Effective regulation of these movements by the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex would depend not only on its ability to send motor commands directly to target muscles but also on coordinated functioning with higher-level motor planning systems such as the cortico-basal ganglia and cortico-cerebellar loops. In this study, using anterograde viral tracers, we analyzed the axonal trajectories of corticofugal fibers from the contralesional (affected) primary motor cortex (M1) at the brainstem level in two macaque monkeys with sub-hemisection spinal cord injury at the mid-cervical level.

A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies.

As the field of neural organoids and assembloids rapidly expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. Here, our consortium- representing specialized laboratories from around the world- presents a framework for the experimental process that ranges from ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells to characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, and from transplantation techniques to considerations for modeling human development, evolution, and disease. As with all scientific endeavors, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions, and transparent methodologies and data sharing, to provide useful knowledge for both current research practices and for developing regulatory standards.

Zones where reduced implant density leads to correction loss after scoliosis surgery for Lenke 1A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a multicenter study.

Purpose: Investigate zones where implant density should not be reduced in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) Lenke type 1A curves.

Methods: 126 consecutive patients (118 female and 8 male; mean age: 15.1 ± 2.

Evaluation of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation into neural progenitor cell using Raman spectra derived from extracellular vesicles in culture supernatants.

Non-invasive cell culture monitoring technology is crucial to improve the manufacturing efficiency of cell products. We have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted into the culture supernatants in the differentiation process from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dopaminergic progenitor cells, and that the composition of EVs changes in accordance with the differentiation processes. In this study, we hypothesized that it is possible to evaluate the cultured cellular states by detecting compositional changes of EVs secreted from cultured cells with label-free Raman spectroscopy in a non-invasive manner.

Impact of landmark crater creation on improving accuracy of pedicle screw insertion in robot-assisted scoliosis surgery.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of the Landmark Crater (LC) method on pedicle perforation rates in robot-guided surgery for pediatric scoliosis for each pedicle diameter.

Methods: Seventy-six scoliosis patients underwent robot-assisted posterior spinal fusion. The cohort consisted of 19 male and 57 female patients, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 17.

Stage-dependent role of interhemispheric pathway for motor recovery in primates.

Whether and how the non-lesional sensorimotor cortex is activated and contributes to post-injury motor recovery is controversial. Here, we investigated the role of interhemispheric pathway from the contralesional to ipsilesional premotor cortex in activating the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and promoting recovery after lesioning the lateral corticospinal tract at the cervical cord, by unidirectional chemogenetic blockade in macaques. The blockade impaired dexterous hand movements during the early recovery stage.

Excessive posterior placement of upper instrumented vertebra relative to lower instrumented vertebra as a predictor of proximal junction kyphosis after selective spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Lenke type 5C curves.

Purpose: We defined sagittal S-line tilt (SSLT) as the tilt of the line connecting the upper instrumented vertebra and the lower instrumented vertebra. This study aimed to: (1) examine the correlation between SSLT and proximal junctional angle (PJA) change values, and (2) determine the cut-off value of SSLT with respect to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) occurrence.

Methods: Eighty-six consecutive patients (81 female and 5 male; mean age: 15.

Survival Impact of Postoperative Whole-brain Radiotherapy and Systemic Chemotherapy After Surgical Resection of Brain Metastases.

Background/aim: Resection of brain metastases is a well-established treatment modality that can prolong the survival of patients for whom surgery is indicated. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the standard postoperative therapy. In recent years, however, clinicians have increasingly avoided WBRT due to its associated adverse events.

Structural optimization using a genetic algorithm aiming for the minimum mass of vertical axis wind turbines using composite materials.

A wind turbine comprises multiple components constructed from diverse materials. This complexity introduces challenges in designing the blade structure. In this study, we developed a structural optimization framework for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT).

Association of door-to-balloon time and one-year outcomes in hospital survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

In this study of 19,824 ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from the J-PCI OUTCOME registry (January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018), we investigated the association between door-to-balloon time (DTB) and 1-year post-discharge cardiovascular outcomes. Patients with DTB >90 min were older and had higher comorbidities. The incidence of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) showed an incremental increase: 3.