Non-invasive Detection of Adenoid Hypertrophy Using Deep Learning Based on Heart-Lung Sounds.

Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common upper respiratory tract disorders during childhood, leading to a range of symptoms such as nasal congestion, mouth breathing and obstructive sleep apnea. Current diagnostic methods, including computerized tomography scans and nasal endoscopy, are invasive or involve ionizing radiation, rendering them unsuitable for long-term assessments. To address these clinical challenges, this paper proposes a novel deep learning approach for the non-invasive detection of adenoid hypertrophy using heartlung sounds.

Status of sleeping habits and its influence on growth and metabolism of children in Beijing: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Sleep disturbances are associated with poor health outcomes in children. However, the sleep problems that occur in children's growth and metabolism need to be further studied. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sleep habits on the growth and metabolism in school-aged children.

Rapid and sensitive detection of using multiple cross displacement amplification combined with CRISPR-Cas12a-based biosensing system.

(, Hi) is an opportunistic bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of humans and frequently causes meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and other severe infections in children. Early and accurate detection of is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we established a novel diagnostic method by integrating the CRISPR-Cas12a detection platform with multiple cross-displacement amplification (MCDA), termed the Hi-MCDA-CRISPR assay.

Circadian Regulation in Diurnal Mammals: Neural Mechanisms and Implications in Translational Research.

Diurnal and nocturnal mammals have evolved unique behavioral and physiological adaptations to optimize survival for their day- or night-active lifestyle. The mechanisms underlying the opposite activity patterns are not fully understood but likely involve the interplay between the circadian time-keeping system and various arousal- or sleep-promoting factors, e.g.

Dynamic responses of the inter-microbial synergism and thermodynamic conditions attribute to the inhibition-and-relief effects of chitosan towards anaerobic digestion.

Wide commercial applications of chitosan in food preservation and green packaging fields inevitably lead to the universal existence in food, as well as the food waste (FW) processing system. However, whether and how the chitosan, a class of biomacromolecule substances, lead to dysfunction of anaerobic digestion (AD) process of FW remains less understood. Herein, chitosan exhibited an inhibition-and-relief effect with the AD process proceeding, and 80 mg/g-FW of chitosan decreased the net methane yield of FW by 24.

Acetylome Analyses Provide New Insights into the Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Hypothalamus-Dependent Endocrine Metabolism Impairment.

Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that has been linked to metabolism and endocrine impairment. Protein acetylation, which is a frequently occurring posttranslational modification, plays pivotal roles in the regulation of hypothalamic processes. However, the effects of CIH-induced global protein acetylation on hypothalamic function and endocrine metabolism remain poorly understood.

Tet1-mediated 5hmC regulates hippocampal neuroinflammation via wnt signaling as a novel mechanism in obstructive sleep apnoea leads to cognitive deficit.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep-disordered breathing characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) that may cause cognitive dysfunction. However, the impact of IH on molecular processes involved in cognitive function remains unclear.

Methods: C57BL / 6 J mice were exposed to either normoxia (control) or IH for 6 weeks.

Obstructive sleep apnea and 19 gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Alterations gastrointestinal diseases (GDs) were reported in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), however, the genetic background between OSA and GDs is still unclear.

Methods: This investigation employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal effect between OSA and 19 types of GDs (gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, primary biliary cholangitis, diverticular disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, acute pancreatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cirrhosis, calculus of bile duct, calculus of gallbladder, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used to evaluate the main effects model of causality.

Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Abnormalities in School-Aged Children and Adolescents.

The objective of this study is to explore the associations between obesity, body composition, and the self-reported risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to examine whether the risk of OSA is related to metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Utilizing data from the 2022 to 2023 Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort baseline survey, 5000 school-aged participants were analyzed. OSA risk was assessed via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, with anthropometric and body composition measurements taken.

A Decade of Single-Center Experience in Children With Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula (CPSF).

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO) laser cauterization in the treatment of pediatric congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF), and to track and follow up the long-term outcome of the postoperative patients.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single center, where clinical data and follow-up information of children with CPSF who underwent CO laser cauterization with the assistance of a suspension laryngoscope and microscope were collected and analyzed their clinical characteristics and prognosis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of the number of laser cauterization procedures.

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis: leveraging machine learning with linear discriminant analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a machine learning algorithm in diagnosing OSA in children based on clinical features that can be obtained in nonnocturnal and nonmedical environments.

Patients And Methods: This study was conducted at Beijing Children's Hospital from April 2018 to October 2019. The participants in this study were 2464 children aged 3-18 suspected of having OSA who underwent clinical data collection and polysomnography(PSG).

Novel mutations in a Chinese girl with rare symptoms of microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome and Mowat-Wilson syndrome.

Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MIC-CAP) and Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) are both rare hereditary diseases with several overlapping symptoms. We here report a Chinese patient simultaneously affected by MIC-CAP and MWS, presenting with moderate anaemia because of repeated, unilateral refractory epistaxis. The girl was initially diagnosed with MWS after discovery of a pathogenic nonsense mutation in .

Diffusion kurtosis imaging tractography reveals disrupted white matter structural networks in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

To assess the disruptions of brain white matter (WM) structural network in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). We use DKI tractography to construct individual whole-brain, region-level WM networks in 40 OSA and 28 healthy children. Then, we apply graph theory approaches to analyze whether OSA children would show altered global and regional network topological properties and whether these alterations would significantly correlate with the clinical characteristics of OSA.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a systemic immune dysregulation in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy.

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for COVID-19-associated encephalopathy and its immunopathology is crucial for developing effective treatments. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analysis and integrated clinical observations and laboratory examination to dissect the host immune responses and reveal pathological mechanisms in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy. We found that lymphopenia was a prominent characteristic of immune perturbation in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy, especially those with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (AE).

Organic carbon source excites extracellular polymeric substances to boost Fe-mediated autotrophic denitrification in mixotrophic system.

Fe-mediated autotrophic denitrification (ADN) can be suppressed by iron oxide coverage resulting from Fe corrosion. The mixotrophic denitrification (MDN) coupling Fe-mediated ADN with heterotrophic denitrification (HDN) can circumvent the weakening of Fe-mediated ADN over operation time. But the interaction between HDN and Fe-mediated ADN for nitrogen removal of secondary effluent with deficient bioavailable organics remains unclear.

Megacity's pathway toward sustainable food waste management and its environmental performance in a developing country: Evidence from Shanghai, China.

Due to the far distance impact on resident, aquatic and soil ecosystem health, food waste disposal becomes the focus of municipal waste strategy in developing countries. Shanghai is a leading city in China, its evolution of food waste management can indicate the coming future of the nation. In this city, from 1986 to 2020, the open dumping, landfill and incineration of food waste had been gradually banned, replaced by centralized compost and anaerobic digestion and other recovery ways.

Quantifying the effect of socio-economic-geo drivers on the change of municipal waste disposal in China by an integrated TWFE-PRF-SDM methodology.

Municipal solid waste management and disposal in China have significantly evolved since 2000. Due to China's vast land area and significant socioeconomic and geographic disparities, nationwide waste management strategies need to be further evaluated. This study quantified the effect of social, economic, and geographic drivers on municipal waste disposal activities in 31 provincial-level administrative regions from 2003 to 2020, by establishing a methodology integrated by two-way fixed effects regression model, panel random forest, and spatial Durbin model.

Systemic immune dysregulation in severe tuberculosis patients revealed by a single-cell transcriptome atlas.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, is currently the deadliest infectious disease in human that can evolve to severe forms. A comprehensive immune landscape for Mtb infection is critical for achieving TB cure, especially for severe TB patients. We performed single-cell RNA transcriptome and T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing of 213,358 cells from 27 samples, including 6 healthy donors and 21 active TB patients with varying severity (6 mild, 6 moderate and 9 severe cases).

S1PR1 serves as a viable drug target against pulmonary fibrosis by increasing the integrity of the endothelial barrier of the lung.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with unclear etiology and limited treatment options. The median survival time for IPF patients is approximately 2-3 years and there is no effective intervention to treat IPF other than lung transplantation. As important components of lung tissue, endothelial cells (ECs) are associated with pulmonary diseases.

Multi-omics analysis reveals underlying host responses in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen causing pneumonia in children. Few studies have used multi-omics data to investigate the pathogenies of RSV pneumonia. Here, metabolomics was first used to identify potential biomarkers for RSV diagnosis.

Serum-integrated omics reveal the host response landscape for severe pediatric community-acquired pneumonia.

Objective: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the primary cause of death for children under five years of age globally. Hence, it is essential to investigate new early biomarkers and potential mechanisms involved in disease severity.

Methods: Proteomics combined with metabolomics was performed to identify biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis of severe CAP.

Evaluation of the household solid waste mandatory sorting policy in Shanghai: A 1-year public opinion survey.

Sustainable management of household solid waste (HSW) is an essential step in realizing the development of a circular economy (CE). However, for many developing countries, HSW sorting is evolving incrementally, and focusing on the intervention role of policy and the sorting behaviour of residents can help achieve sustainable waste management. This study aims to investigate the main determinants of residents' HSW sorting behaviour and how policy particularly contributes to it.