Metal-Phenolic Coordination mediated Nanoemulsions for All-in-One Drug Delivery.

Combination chemotherapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, enhancing antitumor efficacy while minimizing drug resistance and mitigating the risk of single-drug overdose toxicity. Polymeric drug delivery carriers for combination chemotherapy have been developed; however, the synthetic process of amphiphilic polymers is time-consuming and laborious. The polymer entanglement-based drug encapsulation has been limited in achieving a high multidrug encapsulation efficiency because of the intrinsic preference for encapsulation of drugs upon their polarity.

Biosocial Determinants of Health Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer.

Background: Metabolic disorders and chronic liver disease (CLD) play crucial roles in the development and progression of liver cancer (LC). Since the ethnic minority population increasingly suffers from CLD and LC, it is vital to understand the biosocial factors contributing to CLD and LC. The 'All of Us' database, with significant participation from minority populations, provides a valuable tool for studies in different racial/ethnic groups.

Infrared-Triggered Retinomorphic Artificial Synapse Electronic Device Containing Multi-Dimensional van der Waals Heterojunctions.

Biological systems excel in image recognition with low power and fast responses. Inspired by the human eye, researchers have developed solid-state artificial visual systems. In this study, a retinomorphic artificial synapse device based on a tungsten diselenide (WSe2)/indium arsenide quantum dot (InAs QD) heterostructure is developed.

Encoded Display of Chemical Libraries on Nanoparticles as a Versatile Selection Tool To Discover Protein Ligands.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a powerful tool for discovering potent ligands for biological targets but constrained by limitations, including the insolubility of DNA in organic solvents and its instability under various reaction conditions, which restrict the reactivity scope and structural diversity achievable in library synthesis. Here, we present a new strategy called nanoDEL, where library molecules and DNA tags are displayed on the surface of nanoparticles. Since nanoparticles disperse well in both organic solvents and aqueous solutions, DEL synthesis can be accomplished using well-established organic solvent-based conditions, eliminating the need for aqueous conditions.

Neuromorphic devices for electronic skin applications.

Neuromorphic devices represent an important advancement in technology, drawing inspiration from the intricate and efficient mechanisms of the human brain. This review paper elucidates the diverse landscape of neuromorphic electronic skin (e-skin) technologies while highlighting their numerous applications. Here, neuromorphic devices for e-skin are classified as two types of direct neuromorphic e-skins combining both neuromorphic devices and sensors, and indirect e-skins separating neuromorphic devices and sensors.

Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Immunotherapy Reduces Recurrence in Patients with Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/objectives: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy has shown promise in reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CIK cell therapy in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 49 patients who received CIK cell therapy after curative resection or radiofrequency ablation, compared with 49 matched control patients via 1:1 propensity score matching.

A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: Towards improving methods and reporting quality.

Background: An accurate prognostic tool is essential to aid clinical decision-making (e.g., patient triage) and to advance personalized medicine.

Gallol-containing chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel patches as wound sealing and dressing materials.

Recently, various adhesive materials have been developed for versatile biomedical applications owing to their rapid and strong adhesion to tissues in water-rich environments. One such example is gallol-containing chitosan (CHI-G), which contains multiple gallol and amine groups in its backbone. However, the practical application of CHI-G alone is limited owing to its intrinsic mechanical strength and undesirable immune responses.

Point-of-care ultrasound as the first imaging strategy in young infants aged under 90 days presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations at the emergency department.

This study compared the emergency department (ED) flow of young infants under 90 days old presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) versus X-ray (XR) as their primary imaging test. The study retrospectively enrolled infants under 90 days old with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED from January 2019 to September 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received XR or POCUS as their first imaging test.

Assessing the Economic Impact of Cancer Care: A Study on Out-of-Pocket Expenditures and Utilization in South Korea.

Introduction: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality and financial distress worldwide. In South Korea, the government introduced a benefit extension system in 2013 aimed at mitigating the financial strain associated with cancer treatment. However, cancer patients continue to bear significant out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses.

Biguanides antithetically regulate tumor properties by the dose-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming-driven c-Src pathway.

The biguanide metformin attenuates mitochondrial oxidation and is proposed as an anti-cancer therapy. However, recent clinical studies suggest increased proliferation and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in a subgroup of patients with breast cancer (BC) after metformin therapy. Considering that FAO can activate Src kinase in aggressive triple-negative BC (TNBC), we postulate that low-dose biguanide-driven AMPK-ACC-FAO signaling may activate the Src pathway in TNBC.

Associations of Healthcare Utilization and Health Expenditures in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: Korean Health Panel Survey Study.

Background: This study investigated the association between healthcare utilization and expenditures, including non-covered services in Korean older adults with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 Korean Health Panel (KHP) annual data of participants aged ≥ 60 years who had OA. Healthcare utilization and expenditures were determined by hospitalization, outpatient, and emergency visits.

Serotonin Regulates Lipogenesis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Background: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that has various functions in central and peripheral tissues. While 5-HT is known to regulate various biological processes in liver, direct role of 5-HT and its receptors, especially 5-HT receptor 2A (HTR2A) and HTR2B, in development and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in vivo is not well understood.

Methods: Blood 5-HT level was measured from both human ALD patients and ethanol (EtOH) diet-fed mouse models.

Evaluating waist-to-hip ratio in youth using frequency-modulated continuous wave radar and machine learning.

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is an essential predictor of cardiometabolic diseases, but traditional tape-based WHR measurements in children and adolescents can cause discomfort due to direct contact and are prone to measurer variation. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive, precise, and convenient alternative for WHR measurement and central obesity assessment using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, and to evaluate its accuracy by comparing it with traditional measurement methods. We included 100 participants aged 7-18 and radar data were analyzed using point cloud generation processed through convolutional neural networks for estimating WHR.

Cryo-EM structures reveal the H/citrate symport mechanism of INDY.

I'm Not Dead Yet (INDY) functions as a transporter for citrate, a key metabolite in the citric acid cycle, across the plasma membrane. Partial deficiency of INDY extends lifespan, akin to the effects of caloric restriction. In this work, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine structures of INDY in the presence and absence of citrate and in complex with the well-known inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) at resolutions ranging from 2.

Revised Process for ACNS Guidelines Development.

The development of clinical practice guidelines is an evolving field. In response to the need for consistent, evidence-based medical practice, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society identified the need to update the Society's guideline development process. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guidelines Committee created an action plan with the goal of improving transparency and rigor for future guidelines and bringing existing guidelines to current standards.

Transcriptomic insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae in IL-1β-driven chondrosarcoma cells.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex, degenerative, multi-factorial joint disease. Because of the difficulty in treating OA, developing new targeting strategies that can be used to understand its molecular mechanisms is critical. Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae offer much therapeutic value; however, the presence of various active compounds and the multi-factorial risk factors for OA render the precise mechanisms of action unclear.

Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vs Ultrasonography for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance: A Randomized, Single-Center Trial.

Background & Aims: This study aimed to compare ultrasonography (US) and noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the surveillance of hepatic malignancy.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, nonblinded, single-center trial at a single center in South Korea. Eligible individuals were aged 20 to 70 years with liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class A, and no history of liver cancer or other recent malignancy.

Spray-Printed Light-Emitting Diodes with Perovskite/Polymer Composite Emitters on Various Transparent Substrates.

Advancements in printing techniques are essential for fabricating next-generation displays. Lead halide perovskites demonstrate great potential as light emitters of solution-processed light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In particular, the perovskite/polymer composite emitters exhibit exceptional luminescent characteristics, mechanical flexibility, and environmental stability due to the improved film morphologies and defect passivation achieved through the introduction of polymer additives.

Monoclonal nanobodies alter the activity and assembly of the yeast vacuolar H-ATPase.

The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase; VV) is a multi-subunit rotary nanomotor proton pump that acidifies organelles in virtually all eukaryotic cells, and extracellular spaces in some specialized tissues of higher organisms. Evidence suggests that metastatic breast cancers mislocalize V-ATPase to the plasma membrane to promote cell survival and facilitate metastasis, making the V-ATPase a potential drug target. We have generated a library of camelid single-domain antibodies (Nanobodies; Nbs) against lipid-nanodisc reconstituted yeast V-ATPase V proton channel subcomplex.

Refractory lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood injection: A case report.

Background: Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy, alopecia, hypopigmentation, and hyperpigmentation. Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve, several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.

Case Summary: In this paper, we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood (AWB) injection, as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.

Biofloc technology significantly reshapes water microbiome and improves survival rates in Japanese eel ().

Unlabelled: Global aquaculture production faces the challenge of biologically cycling nitrogenous waste. Biofloc technology (BFT) systems offer the potential to reduce water consumption and eliminate waste products by using beneficial microorganisms to convert waste into usable nutrients or non-toxic molecules. Unlike flow-through systems (FTS), which depend on continuous water exchange and result in higher operational costs as well as limited microbiome stability, BFT operates without the need for constant water exchange.

Enhanced Carrier Dynamics and Excitation of Optically Stimulated Artificial Synapse Using van der Waals Passivation Layers.

Advances in the semiconductor industry have been limited owing to the constraints imposed by silicon-based CMOS technology; hence, innovative device design approaches are necessary. This study focuses on "more than Moore" approaches, specifically in neuromorphic computing. Although MoS devices have attracted attention as neuromorphic computing candidates, their performances have been limited due to environment-induced perturbations to carrier dynamics and the formation of defect states.

Preclinical evaluation of a surgical assistant robot for use in minimally invasive abdominal surgeries.

In recent years, robotic assistance has become increasingly used and applied in minimally invasive surgeries. A new cooperative surgical robot system that includes a joystick-guided robotic scope holder was developed in this study, and its feasibility for use in minimally invasive abdominal surgery was evaluated in a preclinical setting. The cooperative surgical robot consists of a six-degree-of-freedom collaborative robot arm and a one-degree-of-freedom bidirectional telescopic end-effector specializing in surgical assistance.