Blood pressure reduction cut-points for orthostatic hypotension in stroke survivors using a sit-up test: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Objective: The sit-up test is used to assess orthostatic hypotension in stroke survivors who cannot stand independently without using a tilt table. However, no study has identified the optimal cut-points for orthostatic hypotension using the test. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the decrease in SBP and DBP during the sit-up test to detect orthostatic hypotension in individuals with stroke.

Comparison of the sit-up test and head-up tilt test for assessing blood pressure and hemodynamic responses in healthy young individuals.

Objective: The sit-up test is used to assess orthostatic hypotension, without the use of a tilt table, in populations who are unable to stand. The primary objective of this study was to determine the differences in blood pressure and hemodynamic responses between the sit-up and head-up tilt tests. The secondary objective was to determine the hemodynamic responses related to changes in blood pressure during each test.

A Single Bout of Constant-Load Exercise Test for Estimating the Time Constant of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Individuals With Stroke.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the time constant of oxygen uptake kinetics during the onset of exercise (τVO2) estimated from a single exercise bout and that obtained from three averaged exercise bouts in individuals with stroke.

Methods: Twenty participants with stroke performed three bouts of a constant-load pedaling exercise at approximately 80% of the workload corresponding to the ventilatory threshold to estimate τVO2. The VO2 data from the first trial of three bouts were used to estimate τVO2 for a single bout.

Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise related to post-stroke fatigue severity.

Physical deconditioning after stroke may induce post-stroke fatigue. However, research on this association is limited. Our primary objective was to investigate the associations of post-stroke fatigue severity with oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O) at peak exercise and the time constant of [Formula: see text]O kinetics (τ[Formula: see text]O) at exercise onset.

Cardiorespiratory mechanisms underlying the impaired oxygen uptake kinetics at exercise onset after stroke.

Background: Oxygen uptake (V˙O) kinetics at the onset of exercise is slower in patients with stroke than in healthy adults. However, little is known about the cardiorespiratory mechanisms underlying the impaired V˙O kinetics.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relative effect of impaired oxygen delivery and utilisation on V˙O kinetics at the onset of submaximal exercise in patients with stroke by comparing the time constants of cardiac output (τCO) and V˙O (τV˙O).

Cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in oxygen consumption during exercise in individuals with stroke.

Background: Understanding the cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) during exercise is essential for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with stroke. However, cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in [Formula: see text] during exercise in these individuals have not been examined using multivariate analysis. This study aimed to identify cardiorespiratory factors related to the increase in [Formula: see text] during a graded exercise in terms of respiratory function, cardiac function, and the ability of skeletal muscles to extract oxygen.

Concentrations of atmospheric sulfur compounds in an extremely snowy region, the Hokuriku District, Japan.

The diurnal and seasonal characteristics in gaseous sulfur dioxide and sulfate in aerosol particles, as well as the concentrations of sulfate in rain and snow, were measured in the Hokuriku District, Japan in order to investigate the spatial spread pattern of sulfur compounds and identify the origin of sulfur. The concentration of sulfur dioxide showed a distinct diurnal pattern, while the concentrations of nss-SO4(2-) in precipitation and aerosol particles did not. These results implied that the sulfur dioxide might originate in local emissions and did not affect the concentration of nss-SO4(2-) in precipitation, while nss-SO4(2-) in aerosol particles seemed to be widespread and might result from long-range transportation.