Background: Solid organ transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive drugs are at greater risk of severe COVID-19 than the general population. In particular, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are known to have lower seropositivity after basal doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the strategy of administering booster doses in these immunocompromised individuals has been promoted worldwide.
Methods: This study evaluated the effect of a fourth dose (D4) of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Japanese KTRs.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the treatment preferences of Japanese patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by quantifying their trade-offs between treatment attributes using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).
Methods: A DCE was conducted among MIBC patients post-radical cystectomy. Participants were presented with hypothetical treatment options differing in attributes such as efficacy Disease-free survival (DFS), side effects, administration, and cost.
Background: Androgen receptor-signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have significantly changed the preferred treatments for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Despite such advances, the prognostic significance of metastases at specific sites remains unclear. This study evaluated how metastatic site affected the oncological outcomes of mCSPC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), which is determined by assessing the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in conjunction with the level of lactate dehydrogenase, predicts outcomes in various cancers. Its utility as a preoperative biomarker in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients remains unexplored.
Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study of UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy.
Despite currently used intravesical therapies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the rate of intravesical recurrence remains very high. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding nonintravesical interventions to standard intravesical therapies to prevent intravesical recurrence. In April 2024, 3 databases were queried for prospective studies evaluating nonintravesical interventions in addition to standard intravesical therapies for NMIBC (CRD42024490988).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine the association between substaging and outcomes following radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with stage III bladder cancer.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using nationwide data from Japan, including 708 patients with stage III bladder cancer who underwent RC. Substaging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer's 8th edition.
Recent phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate the promising impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies on locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, comparative data on the efficacy and toxicity of different ICI-based combinations are lacking. This study aims to compare the efficacy of first-line ICI-based combination therapies for locally advanced or metastatic UC using phase 3 RCT data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without docetaxel (Doc), is currently recommended for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, the ARANOTE trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Darolutamide + ADT in this setting. We aimed to update a network meta-analysis (NMA) of these combination therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: There is an established association between secondary bladder cancers (SBCs) and radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC), which remains a significant concern. Our aim was to update the evidence on SBC incidence across different RT modalities and to compare oncological outcomes for patients diagnosed with SBC to those diagnosed with primary bladder cancer (PBC).
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on SBC following PC.
Background: Despite its demonstrated efficacy in prolonging overall survival (OS) and delaying skeletal-related events in the ALSYMPCA trial, the optimal timing of radium-223 initiation remains unclear. This study investigated factors influencing radium-223 treatment outcomes, including completion rates and survival.
Methods: This retrospective, multi-institutional study included 164 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who received radium-223 therapy.
Background: The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) with maintenance avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma UC (la/mUC) who achieved disease control following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (1 L-PBC). However, real-world data on eligibility, utilization, and outcomes of maintenance avelumab therapy remain limited.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients with la/mUC who received 1 L-PBC.
Background: Despite providing valuable staging and prognostic information, the therapeutic benefit of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains uncertain. We sought to assess the effect of extended PLND (ePLND) on the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Net (NCCN) high- or very high-risk prostate cancer treated via robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).
Methods: We used a multi-institutional database (six centers) to assess 989 patients who underwent RARP from 2014 to 2022 with or without ePLND, among which 699 patients underwent BCR analysis.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Saroa Surgical Robot System in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). We enrolled 60 patients who underwent RARP using either the Saroa (n = 9) or da Vinci Xi (n = 51) systems at Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital from January 2022 to March 2024. We compared preoperative characteristics, perioperative outcomes, complications, and postoperative urinary continence at three months between the two groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite the availability of advanced imaging technologies, it remains difficult to achieve sufficient staging accuracy to ensure a tailored treatment strategy for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The aim of the study was to identify preoperative risk factors for tumor upstaging in patients with UTUC initially staged as clinical T2 or lower and to analyze these factors separately for renal pelvic cancer and ureteral cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study included data from patients with UTUC who underwent nephroureterectomy.
Background And Objective: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). It is highly invasive and associated with perioperative risks, while bladder-preserving trimodality therapy (TMT) offers a less invasive alternative with preferable quality of life for selected patients. We aimed to compare oncological outcomes of TMT and RC in MIBC patients, and evaluate TMT-specific outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) significantly improve survival in systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however possible central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is an unaddressed concern. We aimed to assess and compare the incidence of CNS-related adverse events (AEs) secondary to the treatment of PCa patients with different ARSIs.
Materials: In August 2023, a comprehensive seach was conducted in three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCa patients receiving ARSIs plus ADT.
Context: Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently emerged as guideline-recommended treatments of high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC). However, there is limited evidence regarding the optimal candidates and the differential efficacy of adjuvant ICI regimens.
Objective: To synthesize and compare the efficacy and safety of adjuvant ICIs for high-risk MIUC using updated data from phase III randomized controlled trials.
Objective: We determined the optimal timing for initiating androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) therapy in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) and assessed its impact on oncological outcomes.
Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 145 nmCRPC patients who received enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide at the Jikei University Hospital or its affiliated institutions between May 2014 and November 2022. Patients were stratified based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT) at CRPC diagnosis and PSA levels at ARSI initiation.
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
October 2024
Purpose: Recent advancements in the management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following local treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), including the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), have broadened the spectrum of therapeutic options. We aimed to compare salvage therapies in patients with BCR after definitive local treatment for clinically non-metastatic PCa with curative intent.
Methods: In October 2023, we queried PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies reporting data on the efficacy of salvage therapies in PCa patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT).
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
September 2024
Background: Androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) have dramatically changed the management of advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, their cardiovascular toxicity remains to be clarified.
Objective: To analyze and compare the risks of cardiovascular events secondary to treatment of PCa patients with different ARPIs.
Introduction: Transplant renal vein thrombosis is a serious post-transplant complication. We report a case in which a thrombus was found in the transplant renal vein and rescued the transplanted kidney utilizing interventional radiology.
Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman underwent ABO-compatible living donor renal transplantation due to impaired renal function caused by IgA nephropathy.