Comparison of Medication Adherence and Treatment Persistence between New Oral Anticoagulant and Warfarin among Patients.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare medication adherence and treatment persistence of patients on warfarin versus rivaroxaban in Singapore. A secondary objective was to identify significant covariates influencing adherence.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted where data from September 2009 to October 2014 was retrieved from the hospital electronic databases.

Direct microneedle array fabrication off a photomask to deliver collagen through skin.

Purpose: To fabricate microneedle arrays directly off a photomask using a simple photolithographical approach and evaluate their potential for delivering collagen.

Methods: A simple photolithographical approach was developed by using photomask consisting of embedded micro-lenses that govern microneedle geometry in a mould free process. Microneedle length was controlled by use of simple glass scaffolds as well as addition of backing layer.