Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lysosomal Cell Death Through Reactive Oxygen Species in Rat Liver Cell Clone 9.

In sepsis, bacterial components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS), trigger organ injuries such as liver dysfunction. Although sepsis induces hepatocyte damage, the mechanisms underlying sepsis-related hepatic failure remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the LPS-treated rat hepatocyte cell line Clone 9 not only induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis but also increased the expression of the autophagy marker proteins LC3-II and p62, and decreased the expression of intact Lamp2A, a lysosomal membrane protein.

Advanced Detection Method for Dengue NS1 Protein Using Ultrasensitive ELISA with Thio-NAD Cycling.

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease in tropical and subtropical climates caused by the dengue virus (DENV), has become a major social and economic burden in recent years. However, current primary detection methods are inadequate for early diagnosis of DENV because they are either time-consuming, expensive, or require training. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted during DENV infection and is thus considered a suitable biomarker for the development of an early detection method.

Heat shock protein 70 protects the lungs from hyperoxic injury in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Hyperoxia plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of lung injury, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in premature infants or newborns. BPD management aims to minimize further injury, provide an optimal environment to support growth and recovery. In clinic neonatal care, we need a new therapy for BPD.

Overlap syndrome in a 12-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-oj antibody-positive polymyositis: a case report.

Background: The peculiar presentation of overlap syndrome in children makes precise diagnosis difficult. Children with overlap syndrome may or may not have specific antibodies. We present the case of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with overlap syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile polymyositis (JPM) who tested positive for anti-OJ antibodies.

Imiquimod-induced ROS production causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization and activates caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in skin cancer cells.

Background: Lysosomal cell death is induced by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and the subsequent release of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes, including cathepsins (CTSs), which results in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic TLR7 ligand, has both antiviral and antitumor activity against various skin malignancies in clinical treatment. Previously, we demonstrated IMQ not only caused lysosomal dysfunction but also triggered lysosome biogenesis to achieve lysosomal adaptation in cancer cells.

Small Airway Dysfunction Measured by Impulse Oscillometry and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Is Associated With Asthma Control in Children.

Background: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are sensitive and non-invasive methods to measure airway resistance and inflammation, although there are limited population-based studies using IOS and FeNO to predict asthma control.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the utility of IOS and FeNO for assessing childhood asthma control in terms of small airway dysfunction and airway inflammation.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 5,018 school children (aged 6-12 years), including 560 asthmatic children and 140 normal participants.

Using a neonatal rat model to explore the therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q10 in prematurity under hyperoxia.

Hyperoxia, is often used in preterm supportive care, leading to high oxygen exposure in neonates. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a free radical scavenger that has been studied in older children but never be investigated for its role in preterm care. We hypothesize that the administration of exogenous CoQ10 would raise serum concentrations of CoQ10 and mitigate the adverse effects of hyperoxia on the organs by reducing oxygen-free radicals and inflammation.

Imiquimod Accelerated Antitumor Response by Targeting Lysosome Adaptation in Skin Cancer Cells.

Lysosomal adaptation is a cellular physiological process in which the number and function of lysosomes are regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in response to extracellular and/or intracellular cues or lysosomal damage. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic toll-like receptor 7 ligand with hydrophobic and weak basic properties, exhibits both antitumor and antiviral activity against various skin malignancies as a clinical treatment. Interestingly, IMQ has been suggested to be highly concentrated in the lysosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, indicating that IMQ could modulate lysosome function after sequestration in the lysosome.

Correction: Ou-Yang, F. et al. Antiproliferation for Breast Cancer Cells by Ethyl Acetate Extract of x ( x ). 2019, , 3238.

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Imiquimod Exerts Antitumor Effects by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Is Enhanced by the Glycolytic Inhibitor 2-Deoxyglucose.

The induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells triggers specific immune responses against the same cancer cells. Imiquimod (IMQ) is a synthetic ligand of toll-like receptor 7 that exerts antitumor activity by stimulating cell-mediated immunity or by directly inducing apoptosis. Whether IMQ causes tumors to undergo ICD and elicits a specific antitumor immune response is unknown.

M2-like polarization of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages under chronic iron overload.

Macrophages are characterized by phenotypical and functional heterogeneity. In different microenvironments, macrophages can polarize into two types: classically activated macrophages (M1) or alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M1 macrophages are a well-known bacteriostatic macrophage, and conversely, M2 macrophages may play an important role in tumor growth and tissue remodeling.

Subcutaneous injection of recombinant heat shock protein 70 ameliorates atopic dermatitis skin lesions in a mouse model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and sometimes is a tough challenge for physicians. We previously reported that in Th2 environment, the production and secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from human keratinocytes was inhibited by recombinant heat shock protein 70 (rHSP70). The present study assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of rHSP70 in a mouse model of AD.

Antiproliferation for Breast Cancer Cells by Ethyl Acetate Extract of x ( x ).

Extracts from the Nepenthes plant have anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation effects. However, the anticancer effect of the Nepenthes plant is rarely reported, especially for breast cancer cells. Here, we evaluate the antitumor effects of the ethyl acetate extract of x ( x ) (EANT) against breast cancer cells.

Effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in neonatal rats receiving hyperoxia therapy.

Hyperoxia is often used in the treatment of neonates. However, protracted use of hyperoxia leads to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in neonatal rats undergoing hyperoxia therapy.

Imiquimod-induced autophagy is regulated by ER stress-mediated PKR activation in cancer cells.

Background: Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular catabolic pathway for degradation and recycling of intracellular components in response to nutrient starvation or environmental stress. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis can be disturbed by physiological and pathological influences, resulting in accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. Imiquimod (IMQ), a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 ligand, possesses anti-tumor and anti-viral activities in vitro and in vivo.

Azithromycin impairs TLR7 signaling in dendritic cells and improves the severity of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice.

Background: The activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in dendritic cells (DCs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) had been demonstrated to inhibit the TLR4 agonist-induced maturation and activation of murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs).

Objective: To investigate the effects of AZM on the induction of DC maturation and activation by imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic TLR7 agonist, as well as its potential as a therapeutic agent for psoriasis.

Chronic Iron Overload Results in Impaired Bacterial Killing of THP-1 Derived Macrophage through the Inhibition of Lysosomal Acidification.

Iron is essential for living organisms and the disturbance of iron homeostasis is associated with altered immune function. Additionally, bacterial infections can cause major complications in instances of chronic iron overload, such as patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Monocytes and macrophages play important roles in maintaining systemic iron homoeostasis and in defense against invading pathogens.

Personal History and Physical Examination in Judgment of Urinary Tract Infection in Children Aged 3 Months to 2 Years.

Background: Pediatricians ubiquitously rely on urine analysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) in young febrile children due to discrepancies in symptom presentation. This study aimed to identify the determinants of physical examination and personal history for diagnosing UTI.

Methods: Four hundred and ten patients aged between 3 months and 2 years presenting with a tympanic temperature of >38°C for >24 hours were requested to undergo urinary tests.

Imiquimod activates p53-dependent apoptosis in a human basal cell carcinoma cell line.

Background: The tumor suppressor p53 controls DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and numerous other cellular processes. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 ligand for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC), eliminates cancer cells by activating cell-mediated immunity and directly inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.

Objective: To evaluate the role of p53 in IMQ-induced cell death in skin cancer cells.

Heat-shock pretreatment reduces expression and release of TSLP from keratinocytes under Th2 environment.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of the skin. Current therapy is not curative, and recalcitrant disease is a big stress and challenge for parents and physicians. This study explored the potential role of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and its anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocyte under TH2 environment.

Imiquimod-induced AMPK activation causes translation attenuation and apoptosis but not autophagy.

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a principal intracellular energy sensor, plays a crucial role in cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. Imiquimod (IMQ) directly exhibits anti-tumor activity through the induction of apoptosis and autophagic cell death.

Objective: To evaluate the role of AMPK in IMQ-induced apoptosis and autophagy.

Targeting aerobic glycolysis and HIF-1alpha expression enhance imiquimod-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.

Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to maintain unconstrained cell growth and proliferation. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligand, exerts anti-tumor effects directly by inducing cell death in cancer cells and/or indirectly by activating cellular immune responses against tumor cells. However, whether IMQ modulates glucose metabolism pathways remains unclear.

Correlations between pulmonary function and childhood asthma control test results in 5-11-year-old children with asthma.

Objectives: We examined correlations between the two asthma assessment tools, pulmonary function tests, and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) scores, in 5-11-year-old children with asthma to determine if the C-ACT scores could predict pulmonary function test results.

Materials And Methods: A total of 172 children with asthma aged 5-11 years completed C-ACT questionnaires and underwent pulmonary function testing. Correlations between these test results were examined.