Terphenyl derivatives and terpenoids from a wheat-born mold Aspergillus candidus.

A new p-terphenyl derivative aspergicandidusin A (1), a new cleistanthane diterpenoid 6-deoxyaspergiloid C (13), and 12 known compounds (2-12, and 14) were isolated from the mold Aspergillus candidus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis of NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of C-1 in 13 was determined via the circular dichroism data of the [Rh(OCOCF)] complex.

2-Pyranone and isocoumarin derivatives isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus .

Two new 2-pyranones and two new isocoumarin derivatives, maculanslines A-D (), together with seven known compounds (), were isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus . Their planar structures and absolute configuration were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as electronic circular dichroism. All 11 compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against -glucosidase.

Three New Heptelidic Acid Derivatives from the Culture of Mushroom Lentinellus ursinus.

Three new heptelidic acid derivatives (1-3) including two new dimeric esters and two known heptelidic acid analogues (4 and 5) were isolated from the solid culture of mushroom Lentinellus ursinus. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by the analysis of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. The biosynthetic origin of compounds 1-5 was postulated.

New Cyclohexadepsipeptides from an Entomogenous Fungus Fusarium proliferatum and Their Cytotoxicity and Autophagy-Inducing Activity.

Five new cyclohexadepsipeptides termed as enniatins R - V (1 - 5) and seven known cyclohexadepsipeptides (6 - 12) were isolated from the solid culture of Fusarium proliferatum, a fungus isolated from the cadaver of an unidentified insect collected in Tibet. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The X-ray single-crystal structure of 6 was reported for the first time.

New sesquiterpenoids from the edible mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus and their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and PTP1B.

Nine new sesquiterpenoids, clitocybulol derivatives, clitocybulols G-O (1-9) and three known sesquiterpenoids, clitocybulols C-E (10-12), were isolated from the solid culture of the edible fungus Pleurotus cystidiosus. The structures of compounds 1-12 were determined by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-9 were assigned via the circular dichroism (CD) data analysis.

Sesquiterpenoids with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus.

One new perhydrobenzannulated 5,5-spiroketal sesquiterpene, pleurospiroketal F (1), as well as six new modified bisabolene sesquiterpenes pleurotins A-F (2-7) were isolated from solid-state fermentation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. The structures of compounds 1-7 were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, while the absolute configurations of 3-7 were assigned using the in situ dimolybdenum circular dichroism method and circular dichroism data comparison.

Three new cyathane diterpenoids from the medicinal fungus Cyathus africanus.

Three new cyathane diterpenoids, cyathin W (1), cyathin V (2), and cyathin T (3), were isolated from the solid culture of Cyathus africanus. The structures and configurations of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D NMR, 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, NOESY), and HR-ESI-MS experiments. Compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate inhibition against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccaride-activated macrophages with IC50 value of 80.

New ambuic acid derivatives from the solid culture of Pestalotiopsis neglecta and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity.

Four new ambuic acid derivatives (1-4), and four known derivatives (5-8), were isolated from the solid culture of a plant pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of the C-16 secondary alcohol in 1 was deduced via the CD data of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex with the acetonide derivative of 1.

Gloeophyllins A-J, Cytotoxic Ergosteroids with Various Skeletons from a Chinese Tibet Fungus Gloeophyllum abietinum.

Ten new ergosteroids, gloeophyllins A-J (1-10), have been isolated from the solid cultures of Gloeophyllum abietinum. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, and 9 were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 has a rare C-nor-D-homosteroid skeleton.

Cochlioquinone derivatives with apoptosis-inducing effects on HCT116 colon cancer cells from the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris luttrellii L439.

A new cochlioquinone derivative, cochlioquinone F (1), as well as three known compounds, anhydrocochlioquinone A (2), isocochlioquinone A (3), and isocochlioquinone C (4), were isolated from the PDB (potato dextrose broth) culture of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris luttrellii. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of NMR techniques. The apoptosis-inducing effects of compounds 1-4 were evaluated against HCT116 cancer cells.

Sterhirsutins A and B, two new heterodimeric sesquiterpenes with a new skeleton from the culture of Stereum hirsutum collected in Tibet Plateau.

Two new heterodimeric sesquiterpenes, sterhirsutins A (1) and B (2), and two new sesquiterpenes, hirsutic acids D-E (3 and 4), were identified from the culture of Stereum hirsutum. The absolute configurations in 1 and 2 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 are likely biosynthesized from a hirsutane-type sesquiterpene and α-humulene by a hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition.

New α-glucosidase inhibitors with p-terphenyl skeleton from the mushroom Hydnellum concrescens.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the bioactive components responsible for the the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity detected in the EtOAc extract of the mushroom Hydnellum concrescens. Two new p-terphenyl derivatives, concrescenins A (1) and B (2), in along with six known compounds thelephantins L (3), I (4), J (5), K (6), dihydroauran-tiacin dibenzoate (7), and curtisian A (8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of H. concrescens.

Depside α-glucosidase inhibitors from a culture of the mushroom Stereum hirsutum.

Nine new isoprenylated depsides, sterenins E-M (1-9), as well as five known compounds (10-14), were isolated from the solid culture of Stereum hirsutum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Their inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase were evaluated in vitro.

Coicenals A-D, four new diterpenoids with new chemical skeletons from the plant pathogenic fungus Bipolaris coicis.

Coicenals A-C (1-3) possessing a previously undescribed 10-(sec-butyl)-6-hydroxy-1,7,9-trimethyl-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1,4-methanobenzo[d]oxepin-2(4H)-ylidene)acetaldehyde skeleton and coicenal D (4) with a new 2-(sec-butyl)-5-hydroxy-1,6,8-trimethyl-2,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-4a,1-(epoxymethano)naphthalen-10-ylidene)acetaldehyde skeleton were isolated from the solid culture of the plant pathogenic fungus Bipolaris coicis. The absolute configurations in 1 and 4 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 were transformed into 4 and 5 by treatment with acetyl chloride, respectively.

Phaeolschidins A-E, five hispidin derivatives with antioxidant activity from the fruiting body of Phaeolus schweinitzii collected in the Tibetan Plateau.

Five new hispidin derivatives, phaeolschidins A-E (1-5), as well as two known natural products, pinillidine (6) and hispidin (7), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Phaeolus schweinitzii collected in the Tibetan Plateau. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Phaeolschidins A-D (1-4) are new bishispidins.

Pleurospiroketals A-E, perhydrobenzannulated 5,5-spiroketal sesquiterpenes from the edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae.

Five novel perhydrobenzannulated 5,5-spiroketal sesquiterpenes, namely, pleurospiroketals A-E (1-5), were isolated from the culture of the edible mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae. Pleurospiroketals D (4) and E (5) were obtained as an isomeric mixture with a ratio of 5:4. Their structures were established by NMR, X-ray single-crystal diffraction, and CD data analysis.

Eryngiolide A, a cytotoxic macrocyclic diterpenoid with an unusual cyclododecane core skeleton produced by the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii.

Eryngiolide A (1), the first member of C20 diterpenoids with the skeleton deriving from a cyclododecane core fused with two γ-lactone units, was isolated from the solid culture of the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectra. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against two human cancer lines in vitro.

Fabrication of advanced particles and particle-based materials assisted by droplet-based microfluidics.

Recent advances in the fabrication of complex particles and particle-based materials assisted by droplet-based microfluidics are reviewed. Monodisperse particles with expected internal structures, morphologies, and sizes in the range of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers have received a good deal of attention in recent years. Due to the capability of generating monodisperse emulsions and of executing precise control and operations on the suspended droplets inside the microchannels, droplet-based microfluidic devices have become powerful tools for fabricating complex particles with desired properties.

[Relationships between rice empty grain rate and low temperature at booting stage in Heilongjiang Province].

Six major rice varieties (Longdao 3, Kendao 12, Kongyu 131, Longdao 7, Longjing 16, and Songjing 6) in Heilongjiang Province were treated with low temperature 15 degrees C, 17 degrees C, and 19 degrees C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days at booting stage, and the relationships between their empty grain rate per panicle and low temperature at booting stage were analyzed by using linear interpolation and linear regression methods. In the province, the critical temperature of sterile-type cool injury was 17 degrees C for sensitive varieties, and 16 degrees C for resistant varieties. The most sensitive period of rice to low temperature was 14-18 days before heading.

[Responses of soil humidity on Songnen Plain to climate change in 1980-2005].

Based on the 1980-2005 observation data of ten-day soil humidity, monthly air temperature, and monthly precipitation during crop growth period (from May to September) from 16 agrometeorological stations on Songnen Plain, the spatiotemporal variation of surface soil (0-30 cm) humidity and its responses to the air temperature and precipitation in study area were analyzed by using statistical method. The results showed that on Songnen Plain, the surface soil humidity during crop growth period in 1980-2005 had a decreasing trend, and tended to be aridified, especially in the west and south parts of the Plain. Before the 1990s, the surface soil on the Plain was relatively humid, but thereafter, the humidity kept decreasing, and partial dryness occurred.