Effects of intensive exercise combined with dapagliflozin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of intensive exercise in addition to the administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) on body composition, including fat-free mass, in type 2 diabetes. We randomly assigned 146 patients to 24 weeks of treatment with intensive exercise, including resistance training, plus 5 mg (up to 10 mg) of DAPA daily (IT group) or DAPA alone (CT group). The primary endpoint was the difference in the change in fat-free mass from baseline to 24 weeks between the groups.

Effects of Nutritional Treatment on the Frequency of Pneumonia in Bedridden Patients Receiving Oral Care.

Objective Pneumonia develops in bedridden patients, even in those receiving oral care, and malnutrition is associated with the development of pneumonia. We examined the effects of nutritional treatment on the prevention of pneumonia. Patients and Methods We retrospectively examined the effects of nutritional treatment on the prevention of pneumonia by analyzing the records of bedridden patients (n=68; mean age: 68.

[A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the distal bile duct].

We diagnosed distal cholangiocarcinoma in a 76-year-old woman who was then treated by subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma on the side of the bile duct, and a neuroendocrine carcinoma in an area outside the bile duct where the tumor had infiltrated. Immunohistochemical staining identified homology between cytokeratins and MUC, indicating a similar origin.

Pneumonia risks in bedridden patients receiving oral care and their screening tool: Malnutrition and urinary tract infection-induced inflammation.

Aim: Pneumonia develops in bedridden patients even when they are receiving oral care. However, the pneumonia risk in bedridden patients remains unclear, and no screening tool has been developed to assess this risk by using daily hospital data.

Methods: We retrospectively examined pneumonia risk factors by analyzing the records of 102 bedridden patients receiving oral care.

Clinicopathological significance of ganglioside DSGb5 expression in renal cell carcinoma.

Disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5) is a ganglioside originally isolated from tissue extracts of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with metastasis. Previous in vitro experiments have suggested that DSGb5 promotes metastasis by enhancing the migration of RCC cells and downregulating NK cell cytotoxicity against RCC cells. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of DSGb5 expression in RCC and outcomes of RCC patients.

Specific niches for lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells at the site of tissue regeneration enable CD69-independent maintenance.

CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells (T cells) reside permanently in nonlymphoid tissues and provide a first line of protection against invading pathogens. However, the precise localization of CD8 T cells in the lung, which physiologically consists of a markedly scant interstitium compared with other mucosa, remains unclear. In this study, we show that lung CD8 T cells localize predominantly in specific niches created at the site of regeneration after tissue injury, whereas peripheral tissue-circulating CD8 effector memory T cells (T cells) are widely but sparsely distributed in unaffected areas.

Significance of Expression of Complement C4d in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most difficult malignancies to cure. C4d is a degradation product of the classical complement pathway and is suggested as an early diagnostic marker for other SCCs. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association of complement C4d with ESCC.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel FK228 analogues as potential isoform selective HDAC inhibitors.

Novel C4- and C7-modified FK228 analogues were efficiently synthesized in a highly convergent and unified manner. This synthesis features the amide condensation of glycine-d-cysteine-containing segments with d-valine-containing segments for the direct assembly of the corresponding seco-acids, which are key precursors of macrolactones. The HDAC inhibition assay and cell-growth inhibition analysis of the synthesized analogues revealed novel aspects of their structure-activity relationship.

[A CASE OF PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR OF THE TESTIS].

A 44-year-old man discovered a swollen right testis more than 4 years earlier. He was brought to our hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a swollen right testis, lung nodules, and swollen retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph nodes.

A pivotal role of Krüppel-like factor 5 in regulation of cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there exists a highly tumorigenic subset of cells defined by high expression of CD44 and CD133 that has been reported to contain cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) regulates many factors involved in cell cycle, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis and stemness and has cancer-promoting effects in some cancers. While some reports have indicated that KLF5 may have important roles in regulation of CSCs, what role, if any, KLF5 plays in regulation of CSCs in HCC remains to be elucidated.

Ganglioside, disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5), enhances the migration of renal cell carcinoma cells.

About one third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients exhibit metastasis upon initial presentation. However, the molecular basis for RCC metastasis is not fully understood. A ganglioside, disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5), was originally isolated from RCC tissue extracts, and its expression is correlated with RCC metastatic potential.

Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy with concurrent radiation for unresectable advanced urethral carcinoma.

The present case report describes two cases of unresectable advanced primary urethral carcinoma. Case 1 was a 61-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra that directly invaded into the perineal skin. Case 2 was a 64-year-old woman with adenocarcinoma, and solitary lung and lymph node metastases.

Involvement of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in turnover of intestinal epithelial cells: morphological and functional alterations due to daily administration of FK506.

To elucidate the interaction of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), we investigated alterations of IECs by activating or inactivating IELs. The stimulation of IELs with anti-mouse CD3 monoclonal antibody induced massive apoptosis of IECs. Changes in IECs and IELs from mice that received daily administration of FK506 for 14days were investigated.

Higher pAkt expression predicts a significant worse prognosis in glioblastomas.

phosphorylated-Akt (pAkt) plays an important role in tumorigenesis through promotion of cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis and mediating cell proliferation. Higher expression of pAkt has been reported to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in several malignant tumors. In this study, the prognostic value of pAkt expression was investigated in glioblastomas by using immunohistochemical methods.

Liberation of actin from actomyosin in meats heated to 65°C.

This study investigated whether actin liberation from myofibrils occurs during the heating of various muscles, as well as squid mantle muscle at temperatures, such as 60°C, employed for vacuum cooking of meats. Actin liberation was demonstrated in scallop striated adductor muscle, but not in beef, pork, or chicken, using the detection method previously employed with squid muscle, in which liberated actin was detected with SDS-PAGE, in the supernatant obtained by centrifugation of the homogenate of heated muscle in 0.2M KCl at a neutral pH.

Nuclear survivin expression predicts poorer prognosis in glioblastoma.

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, and is expressed in various malignant tumors. Survivin overexpression has been reported to be a poorer prognostic factor in various malignancies. However, the prognostic value of survivin expression in patients with glioblastoma is still controversial.

Transcription of plastid genes is modulated by two nuclear-encoded alpha subunits of plastid RNA polymerase in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

In general, in higher plants, the core subunits of a bacterial-type plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) are encoded by the plastid rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2 genes. However, an rpoA gene is absent from the moss Physcomitrella patens plastid genome, although the PpRpoA gene (renamed PpRpoA1) nuclear counterpart is present in the nuclear genome. In this study, we identified and characterized a second gene encoding the plastid-targeting alpha subunit (PpRpoA2).