Assessment of Stress and Well-Being of Japanese Employees Using Wearable Devices for Sleep Monitoring Combined With Ecological Momentary Assessment: Pilot Observational Study.

Background: Poor sleep quality can elevate stress levels and diminish overall well-being. Japanese individuals often experience sleep deprivation, and workers have high levels of stress. Nevertheless, research examining the connection between objective sleep assessments and stress levels, as well as overall well-being, among Japanese workers is lacking.

Associations between glycemic variability, sleep quality, and daily steps in subjects without diabetes using wearable devices.

Background: Since there are limited studies on the associations between glycemic variability (GV) and sleep quality or physical activity in subjects without diabetes, we evaluated the associations between GV, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and both sleep quality and daily steps using wearable devices in healthy individuals.

Methods: Forty participants without diabetes were monitored by both an intermittently scanned CGM and a smartwatch-type activity tracker for 2 weeks. The standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose were evaluated as indices of GV.

Longitudinal changes in pancreatic volume and pancreatic fat with weight gain in Japanese without diabetes: An analysis using health check-up data.

Aims/introduction: There have been few reports about the longitudinal changes in pancreas volume (PV) or pancreatic steatosis (PS) in response to obesity. In this longitudinal analysis using health check-up data, we explored changes in PV, PS and glucose metabolic indices that occurred after weight gain in Japanese without diabetes.

Materials/methods: Clinical data on 37 Japanese subjects with a ≥1 kg/m increase in body mass index between two health check-ups and without diabetes were collected.

Increased alpha cell to beta cell ratio in patients with pancreatic cancer.

The development of pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with worsening of glucose tolerance. However, there is limited information about the effects of PC on islet morphology. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes in alpha and beta cell mass in patients with PC.

A significant risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease plus diabetes on subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and a synergistic effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and MAFLD on subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods: Of 977 subjects who underwent health checkups with coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid intima-media thickness, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), 890 were included in this study. They were classified as MAFLD, NAFLD, or Neither-FLD, and MAFLD was further categorized into three groups by three metabolic disorders (obesity, lean with metabolic dysregulation, DM), according to its new definition: Obesity-MAFLD, Lean-MAFLD and DM-MAFLD.

Exenatide Once Weekly for Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review.

Exenatide is one of the exendin-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and is currently available in two formulations, ie, exenatide twice daily (BID), a short-acting GLP-1RA, and exenatide once weekly (QW), a long-acting GLP-1RA. Clinical efficacy and safety of exenatide 2 mg QW in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been demonstrated in the DURATION study program. Exenatide QW has been shown to achieve greater HbA1c reduction compared with exenatide BID, with less injection frequency and greater treatment satisfaction.

Changes in glycemic variability, gastric emptying and vascular endothelial function after switching from twice-daily to once-weekly exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a subpopulation analysis of the twin-exenatide study.

Background: We investigated the changes in blood glucose fluctuation, gastric emptying, and vascular endothelial function by switching from an exenatide twice-daily formulation (BID) to a once-weekly formulation (QW) since the evaluation of postprandial glucose excursion and glycemic variability (GV) by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) after switching was lacking.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide BID were included in this study and switched to exenatide QW for 24 weeks. GV assessed by CGM, gastric emptying (by  C-acetate breath test) and vascular endothelial function (by reactive hyperemia - peripheral arterial tonometry) were evaluated at baseline and 24 weeks after switching.

Revisiting Regulators of Human β-cell Mass to Achieve β-cell-centric Approach Toward Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Because patients with T2DM have inadequate β-cell mass (BCM) and β-cell dysfunction worsens glycemic control and makes treatment difficult, therapeutic strategies to preserve and restore BCM are needed. In rodent models, obesity increases BCM about 3-fold, but the increase in BCM in humans is limited.

Association of visit-to-visit glycemic variability with risk of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A subanalysis of the EMPATHY trial.

Aims/introduction: Long-term glycemic variability is important for predicting diabetic complications, but evaluation in a Japanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between visit-to-visit glycemic variability (VVV) and cardiovascular diseases (CV) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, using the prospective cohort of the EMPATHY trial.

Materials And Methods: Among 4532 participants with at least three HbA1c measurements, VVV was defined using the coefficient of variation (CV-HbA1c).

Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes is characterised by reduced beta cell mass (BCM). However, it remains uncertain whether the reduction in BCM in type 2 diabetes is due to a decrease in size or number of beta cells. Our aim was to examine the impact of beta cell size and number on islet morphology in humans with and without type 2 diabetes.

Beta-Cell Mass in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Relation to Pancreas Fat: A Mini-Review.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Although insulin resistance is assumed to be a main pathophysiological feature of the development of T2DM, recent studies have revealed that a deficit of functional beta-cell mass is an essential factor for the pathophysiology of T2DM. Pancreatic fat contents increase with obesity and are suggested to cause beta-cell dysfunction.

One-year estimated glomerular filtration rate decline as a risk factor of cardiovascular and renal end-points in high-risk Japanese patients.

Aims/introduction: As estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) progression might correlate with cardiovascular prognosis, the correlation between 1-year decline in eGFR and cardiovascular incidences and renal outcome was investigated.

Materials And Methods: The 1-year percentage decline in eGFR at the first observation year was calculated in a cohort of the standard versus intEnsive statin therapy for hypercholesteroleMic Patients with diAbetic retinopaTHY (EMPATHY) trial participants. The primary end-point was the composite cardiovascular end-point including the renal end-point.

Relationship between daily and visit-to-visit glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between daily glycemic variability (GV) and visit-to-visit glycemic variability (VVV) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A total of 156 outpatients with T2DM who had undergone continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 5 days were included in this study. Indices of GV, i.

Associations of birthweight and history of childhood obesity with beta cell mass in Japanese adults.

Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight is associated with a high risk of diabetes, but there are no reports discussing birthweight and pancreatic tissues in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between birthweight and beta and alpha cell mass in humans.

Methods: Sixty-four Japanese adults with and without diabetes who underwent pancreatectomy and were able to recall their weight history including birthweight were included.

Association of glucose tolerance status with pancreatic β- and α-cell mass in community-based autopsy samples of Japanese individuals: The Hisayama Study.

Aims/introduction: Changes in histologically quantified β- and α-cell mass during the development of glucose intolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in β- and α-cell mass according to the glucose tolerance status.

Materials And Methods: Autopsy samples from a total of 103 individuals (40 with normal glucose tolerance, 31 with prediabetes and 32 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test within 5 years before death were selected from 643 community-based autopsy samples collected from 2002 to 2016.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly exenatide after switching from twice-daily exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly (q.w.) extended-release exenatide after switching from twice-daily (b.

Association Between Genetic Risk and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study.

Context: Although recent genetic studies have identified many susceptibility loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the usefulness of such loci for precision medicine remains uncertain.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of genetic risk score (GRS) on the development of T2D in a general Japanese population.

Participants: The current study consists of 1465 subjects aged 40 to 79 years without diabetes who underwent a health examination in 2002.

Ethnic Similarities and Differences in the Relationship between Beta Cell Mass and Diabetes.

Recent evidence has revealed that a change of functional beta cell mass is an essential factor of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Since beta cell dysfunction is not only present in T2DM but also progressively worsens with disease duration, to preserve or recover functional beta cell mass is important in both prevention of the development of T2DM and therapeutic strategies for T2DM. Furthermore, ethnic difference in functional beta cell mass may also need to be taken into account.

Pancreas Fat and β Cell Mass in Humans With and Without Diabetes: An Analysis in the Japanese Population.

Context: The mechanisms by which β cell mass is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. It has been postulated that ectopic fat deposits in the pancreas induce β cell apoptosis, leading to the development of diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of intrapancreatic fat on β and α cell mass in humans with and without diabetes.

Effects of Obesity and Diabetes on α- and β-Cell Mass in Surgically Resected Human Pancreas.

Context: The ethnic difference in β-cell regenerative capacity in response to obesity may be attributable to different phenotypes of type 2 diabetes among ethnicities.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effects of diabetes and obesity on β- (BCM) and α-cell mass (ACM) in the Japanese population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We obtained the pancreases of 99 individuals who underwent pancreatic surgery and whose resected pancreas sample contained adequate normal pancreas for histological analysis.

Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment on β- and α-Cell Mass in Japanese Adults With and Without Diabetes.

The aim of this study was 1) to clarify β-cell regenerative capacity in the face of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced insulin resistance and 2) to clarify the change in β- and α-cell mass in GC-induced diabetes in humans. We obtained the pancreases from 100 Japanese autopsy case subjects. The case subjects were classified according to whether or not they had received GC therapy before death and the presence or absence of diabetes.

[Successful thrombolysis without hemorrhage in a patient with cardioembolic stroke under dabigatran treatment-a case report and review of literature].

A 72-year-old male with heart failure was admitted to our hospital. Treatment with dabigatran (220 mg per day) was initiated because of atrial fibrillation. On the third day, the patient developed left-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria at 4.