Therapeutic drug monitoring of docetaxel administered for breast cancer in a patient receiving rifampicin and clarithromycin to treat nontuberculous mycobacteriosis: A case report.

Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and is transported by organic anion transporting peptides (OATPs) and ABCB1, and its blood concentration is known to affect the risk of some docetaxel-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Thus, the concomitant use of docetaxel with drugs that inhibit or induce these transporters or CYP3A4 requires careful attention. A 58-year-old woman was receiving clarithromycin (400 mg twice daily), rifampicin (450 mg once daily) and ethambutol (500 mg once daily) for nontuberculous mycobacteriosis.

Clinical Significance of FAM83G in Breast Cancer: Association With Triple-negative Subtype and Prognosis.

Background/aim: Family with sequence similarity 83 member G (FAM83G) plays an important role in cancer aggressiveness and patients' prognosis across various types of cancer. However, the association of FAM83G protein expression in breast cancer with clinicopathologic factors, breast cancer subtypes, and prognosis is not well characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical significance of FAM83G protein expression in breast cancer.

Current status and prospects of breast cancer imaging-based diagnosis using artificial intelligence.

Breast imaging has several modalities, each unique in terms of its imaging position, evaluation index, and imaging method. Breast diagnosis is made by combining a large number of past imaging features with the clinical course and histological findings. Artificial intelligence (AI), which extracts the features from image data and evaluates them based on comprehensive analysis, has been making rapid progress in this regard.

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled study of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia treated with yokukansan for 12 weeks.

Aim: We conducted a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of yokukansan in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Patients with schizophrenia resistant to antipsychotics whose Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were stable within five points were enrolled and assigned to the yokukansan or placebo group. Fifty-three of the 61 consenting patients were allocated to the yokukansan ( = 27) and placebo ( = 26) groups.

Current status and prospects of artificial intelligence in breast cancer pathology: convolutional neural networks to prospective Vision Transformers.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and its diagnosis requires the accurate identification and classification of histological features for effective patient management. Artificial intelligence, particularly through deep learning, represents the next frontier in cancer diagnosis and management. Notably, the use of convolutional neural networks and emerging Vision Transformers (ViT) has been reported to automate pathologists' tasks, including tumor detection and classification, in addition to improving the efficiency of pathology services.

Utility of human epidermal growth factor 2 heterogeneity as a prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancer.

In some cases of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer, HER2 expression is sporadically and strongly upregulated, a condition known as HER2 heterogeneity. We investigated the clinicopathological features of patients with HER2 heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-nine patients with triple-negative breast cancer who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy participated in this study.

Cancer-associated fibroblast spatial heterogeneity and expression in the tumor microenvironment modulate TGF-β activity and CD8 T-cell infiltration in breast cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its multifaceted interactions with cancer cells are major targets for cancer treatment. Single-cell technologies have brought major insights into the TME, but the resulting complexity often precludes conclusions on function. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic data to explore the relationship between different cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations and immune cell exclusion in breast tumors.

Identification of MicroRNAs Associated with Histological Grade in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer.

This study aimed to identify microRNAs associated with histological grade using comprehensive microRNA analysis data obtained by next-generation sequencing from early-stage invasive breast cancer. RNA-seq data from normal breast and breast cancer samples were compared to identify candidate microRNAs with differential expression using bioinformatics. A total of 108 microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in normal breast and breast cancer tissues.

Fibrocystic breast disease with pleomorphic calcifications and segmental distribution: A case report.

Fibrocystic breast disease is the most common benign condition and is important for differentiating breast cancer. We present the case of a 27-year-old female patient with pleomorphic calcifications and segmental distribution on mammography, which was highly suggestive of breast cancer; however, the pathological findings were fibrocystic disease. Although fibrocystic breast disease does not require treatment, appropriate follow-up is necessary after assessing the risk of breast cancer.

A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant Eribulin Versus Paclitaxel in Women with Operable Breast Cancer: The JONIE-3 Study.

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is essential for surgical downstaging of early-stage breast cancer, but taxane administration is associated with neuropathy. We investigated whether eribulin induces less neuropathy than paclitaxel.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised study (UMIN000012817), patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between December 2013 and April 2016 were randomly assigned to group E (eribulin followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide; FEC) or group P (paclitaxel followed by FEC).

Efficacy and safety of valbenazine in Japanese patients with tardive dyskinesia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (J-KINECT).

Aim: Valbenazine is approved in the US for treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD); however, efficacy/safety data in Asian populations are lacking. We assessed the efficacy/safety of valbenazine in Japanese patients.

Methods: This phase II/III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT03176771) included adult psychiatric patients with TD, who were randomly allocated to receive placebo or valbenazine (once-daily 40- or 80-mg) for a 6-week, double-blind period, after which the placebo group was switched to valbenazine for a 42-week extension.

Strontium-89 plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid for patients with painful bone metastatic breast cancer.

Introduction: β-ray strontium-89 (Sr-89) intra-irradiation therapy has been approved and clinically used to reduce bone metastasis pain not alleviated by bone-modifying agents, external radiation, and analgesic agents. We examined the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and Sr-89 combination therapy compared with ZOL alone in breast cancer patients with bone metastases.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on breast cancer patients with bone metastasis to compare the efficacy between ZOL monotherapy and ZOL plus Sr-89 combination therapy.

Association of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) with the immune system and prognosis in invasive breast cancer.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), also referred to as SLC7A5, is believed to regulate tumor metabolism and be associated with tumor proliferation. In invasive breast cancer, we clinicopathologically investigated the utility of LAT1 expression. LAT1 expression was evaluated via immunohistochemistry analyses in 250 breast cancer patients undergoing long-term follow-up.

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a significant prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of TILs in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of TILs in the prognosis of ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.

Urinary biopyrrins and free immunoglobin light chains are biomarker candidates for screening at-risk mental state in adolescents.

Background: Early diagnosis of individuals' at-risk mental state (ARMS) is important for preventing their pathogenesis or, at least, delaying onset of overt psychosis. Traditional diagnosis of ARMS subjects is mainly based on structured interviews, but future diagnosis would be carried out together with biomarkers.

Aim: In this study, we report urinary biopyrrins and free immunoglobin light chains κ and λ (κFLC and λFLC) as novel diagnostic biomarker candidates for screening ARMS subjects.

Phase II study of sequential S-1 and cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Background: S-1 and cyclophosphamide (CPA) can be given orally, and their combination may have great potential for treating metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A phase I study of sequential S-1 and CPA therapy was conducted in patients with MBC; the recommended doses that were determined for this regimen were 80 mg/m/day for S-1 and 100 mg/m/day for CPA. We then conducted a phase II study of this oral S-1 and CPA regimen.

Implications of Topoisomerase (TOP1 and TOP2α) Expression in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: We evaluated the usefulness of topoisomerases (TOPs) expression as prognostic predictors in breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively investigated sixty cases with primary breast cancer. We evaluated the tumor and non-tumor mRNA levels of TOP1 and TOP2α using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Low Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Gunn Rats: A Hyperbilirubinemia Animal Model of Schizophrenic Symptoms.

Background: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 2 (also referred to as basic FGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a pivotal role in the pro-survival, pro-migration and prodifferentiation of neurons.

Method: Because alterations in FGF2 levels are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we investigated serum levels of FGF2 in the Gunn rat, a hyperbilirubinemia animal model of schizophrenic symptoms.

Results: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the serum levels of FGF2 in Gunn rats were 5.

The pathological complete response and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy.

Biomarkers that can accurately predict treatment response are required for indicating optimal neoadjuvant treatments. The current study assessed the predictive value of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) mRNA expression for the response to neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) therapy in patients with breast cancer. It was hypothesized that SPARC expression can affect the response to albumin-bound taxanes, including nab-PTX since SPARC binds albumin with a high affinity.

RNA-sequence-based microRNA expression signature in breast cancer: tumor-suppressive miR-101-5p regulates molecular pathogenesis.

Aberrantly expressed microRNA (miRNA) are known to disrupt intracellular RNA networks in cancer cells. Exploring miRNA-dependent molecular networks is a major challenge in cancer research. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing of breast cancer (BrCa) clinical specimens to identify tumor-suppressive miRNA in BrCa.

Clinicopathological values of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of immuno-targeting therapy with programmed cell death protein-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for triple-negative breast cancer. However, the role of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer remains unclear. We investigated the clinicopathological utility of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Risk Analysis for Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Patients Receiving FEC100 Treatment.

Background/aim: Risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with anthracycline-containing regimen for breast cancer patients remain unknown. The risk factors for CINV with FEC100 were investigated.

Patients And Methods: Data on CINV events and patient backgrounds of 180 patients were collected from the first cycle of FEC100 treatment.