Albumin antagonizes Alzheimer's disease-related Tau pathology and enhances cognitive performance by inhibiting aberrant Tau aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by cognitive impairment, for which effective treatments remain lacking. Albumin (ALB) is an essential carrier protein found in various body fluids, playing crucial roles in anti-inflammatory processes, antioxidation, and signal transduction. Recent research indicates that ALB may play a significant role in the development and progression of AD, though its specific function is not yet fully understood.

Peripheral CD4 T cell phenotype and brain microglial activation associated with cognitive heterogeneity in aged rats.

Cognitive decline is a critical hallmark of brain aging. Although aging is a natural process, there is significant heterogeneity in cognition levels among individuals; however, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. In our study, we classified aged male Sprague‒Dawley rats into aged cognition-unimpaired (AU) group and aged cognition-impaired (AI) group by using an attentional set-shifting task.

Non-linear association of liver enzymes with cognitive performance in the elderly: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Although liver metabolic dysfunction has been found to potentially elevate susceptibility to cognitive impairment and dementia, there is still insufficient evidence to explore the non-linear association of liver enzymes with cognitive performance. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the non-linear relationship between liver enzymes and cognitive performance.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2764 individuals aged ≥ 60 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014 were included.

Causal Relationship between Sex Hormones and Risk of Developing Common Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of unexplained disorders of the central nervous system, and studies have shown that a large number of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these diseases. Since these diseases show significant gender differences in epidemiology, sex hormones are thought to be strongly associated with these diseases. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationship between sex hormones and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.

Kinase PIM1 governs ferroptosis to reduce retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction triggered by high glucose.

Previous studies have implicated targeting Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (PIM1) as a preventive measure against high glucose-induced cellular stress and apoptosis. This study aimed to reveal the potential role and regulatory mechanism of PIM1 in diabetic retinopathy. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) underwent high glucose induction, and fluctuations in PIM1 levels were assessed.

Whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing of large-cell lung carcinoma reveals recurrent mutations in the PI3K pathway.

Background: Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) is an exceptionally aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. At present, little is known about the molecular pathology of LCLC.

Methods: Ultra-deep sequencing of cancer-related genes and exome sequencing were used to detect the LCLC mutational in 118 tumor-normal pairs.

Neuromuscular junction disorders: Experimental models and pathophysiological mechanisms.

Located between skeletal muscle fibers and motoneurons, the neuromuscular junction is a chemical synapse essential for the transmission of information from nervous system to skeletal muscle. There are many diseases related to neuromuscular junction dysfunction, including myasthenia gravis, Lambert‑Eaton myasthenic syndrome, congenital myasthenic syndromes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases have been investigated using many animal models.

Agomelatine: a potential novel approach for the treatment of memory disorder in neurodegenerative disease.

Agomelatine is a selective agonist of melatonin receptor 1A/melatonin receptor 1B (MT/MT) and antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors. It is used clinically to treat major depressive episodes in adults. The pro-chronobiological activity of agomelatine reconstructs sleep-wake rhythms and normalizes circadian disturbances via its agonistic effect of melatonin receptor 1A/melatonin receptor 1B, which work simultaneously to counteract depression and anxiety disorder.

The relationship between amyloid-beta and brain capillary endothelial cells in Alzheimer's disease.

Neurovascular dysfunction, as an integral part of Alzheimer's disease, may have an important influence on the onset and progression of chronic neurodegenerative processes. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathway is one of the main pathways that mediates the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma. A large number of studies have shown that receptors and ATP-binding cassette transporters expressed on endothelial cells play an important role in Aβ transport across the BBB, but the specific mechanism is not clear.

Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors suppressed formalin-induced nociception.

Intraplantar injection of formalin produces persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear. The present study was, therefore, designed to determine the roles of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in formalin-evoked spontaneous nociception.

microRNA-320b suppresses HNF4G and IGF2BP2 expression to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth of lung cancer.

We examined the effect of microRNA-320b (miR-320b) on tumor growth and angiogenesis in lung cancer and also determined its downstream molecular mechanisms. Lung cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected from 66 patients with lung cancer. miR-320b expression was experimentally determined to be expressed at low level in cancer tissues.

DAla2-GIP-GLU-PAL Protects Against Cognitive Deficits and Pathology in APP/PS1 Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Upregulating cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathways.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive decline in cognitive function. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for AD. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been identified to be effective in T2DM treatment and neuroprotection.

Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with cardiac syncope: A case report.

Background: Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to acute global cerebral hypoperfusion. Late-onset MADD with syncope has not been reported previously.

The relationship between cognitive impairment and homocysteine in a B12 and folate deficient population in China: A cross-sectional study.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. The relationship between AD and homocysteine (Hcy) is contradictory.A community-based investigation was conducted to find patients with AD in a vitamin B deficient population (≥55 years old) in Lüliang area in China.

Distorted Monolayer ReS with Low-Magnetic-Field Controlled Magnetoelectricity.

Two dimensional (2D) materials possessing ferroelectric/ferromagnetic orders and especially low-magnetic-field controlled magnetoelectricity have great promise in spintronics and multistate data storage. However, ferroelectric and magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles in the atom-thick 2D materials are difficult to be realized due to structural inversion symmetry, thermal actuation, and depolarized field. To overcome these difficulties, the monolayer structure must possess an in-plane inversion asymmetry in order to provide out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization.

[The breadth and overlap of ecological niche of major fish species in the Minjiang River Estuary, China.].

Based on the seasonal bottom trawl surveys in the Minjiang River Estuary in 2015, the breadth and overlap of ecological niche of major fish species were analyzed. Those fish species were identified based on the index of relative importance (IRI). A total of 137 species belonging to 37 families and 16 orders were collected.

Seasonal variation in trophic structure of fish community in Minjiang Estuary based on stable isotope technique.

To study the trophic structure of fish community in Minjiang Estuary, we measured the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δC and δN) of common fish species sampled in winter (January), spring (May), summer (August) and autumn (November) of 2015 by trawling, as well as seven quantitative metrics (ratios range of δN, NR; ratios range of δC, CR; total area, TA; standard ellipse area, SEAc; average distance of centroid, CD; mean nearest neighbor distance, MNND; standard deviation of nearest neighbor distance, SDNND). The results showed significant differences of δC values among all the seasons except between summer and autumn. There were significant differences of δN values between spring and other three seasons but no significant difference among summer, autumn, and winter.

A Novel Mutation of Mitochondrial T14709C Causes Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers Syndrome in a Chinese Patient.

Background: Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) syndrome is characterized by myoclonus, generalized epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and ragged red fibers (RRFs) in the muscle. T-to-C transition at nucleotide position 14709 in the mitochondrial tRNA glutamic acid (tRNA) gene has previously been associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. However, the association between MERRF and mitochondrial T14709C mutation (m.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Inhibits Neointima Formation by Engaging Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Signaling.

Background: The mechanisms underlying neointima formation remain unclear. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which are key innate immune regulators, play important roles in cardiometabolic diseases. However, the function of IRF4 in arterial restenosis is unknown.

Control of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Transcriptional Corepressor IRF2BP2 (Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 Binding Protein 2).

The transcription factor NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1), with the aid of transcriptional coactivators, has been recognized for its necessity and sufficiency to drive pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, how the transcriptional activity of NFAT1 in terms of cardiac hypertrophy is controlled at the transcriptional level has not been well defined. Herein, we showed that a cardiac-enriched protein IRF2BP2 (interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein 2) was further upregulated in both human and mouse hypertrophied myocardium and negatively regulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response in vitro.

A novel thymidine phosphorylase mutation in a Chinese MNGIE patient.

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with mitochondrial alterations. MNGIE is characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, peripheral neuropathy, and leukoencephalopathy. The condition is caused by mutation of the TYMP gene.

D-dimers (DD) in CVST.

Objective: We were interested in further confirming whether D-dimers (DD) are indeed elevated in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) as reported in those studies.

Methods: CVST patients who had a plasma D-dimer test (139 cases) were included and divided into two groups: elevated D-dimer group (EDG) (>0.5 μg/mL; 65 cases) and normal D-dimer group (NDG) (≤0.