Halogenated 9H-Indeno[1,2-b]Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarbonitrile End Groups Based Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Green Solvent-Processable, Additive-Free, and Stable Organic Solar Cells.

Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) significantly enhance photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) using halogenated solvents and additives. However, these solvents are environmentally detrimental and unsuitable for industrial-scale production, and the issue of OSCs' poor long-term stability persists. This report introduces eight asymmetric NFAs (IPCnF-BBO-IC2F, IPCnF-BBO-IC2Cl, IPCnCl-BBO-IC2F, and IPCnCl-BBO-IC2Cl, where n = 1 and 2).

Deep Learning Super-Resolution Technique Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Application of Image-Guided Diagnosis and Surgery of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

This study aimed to implement a deep learning-based super-resolution (SR) technique that can assist in the diagnosis and surgery of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Experimental methods applied SR to MRI data examined using five techniques, including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast-enhancement T1WI (CE-T1WI), T2WI turbo spin-echo series volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition (VISTA), and proton density (PD), in patients diagnosed with TN. The image quality was evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM).

Effect of Electrocautery and Laser Treatment on the Composition and Morphology of Surface-Modified Titanium Implants.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different peri-implantitis treatment methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, and electrocautery) on various titanium implant surfaces: machined; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched; and femtosecond laser-treated surfaces. Grade 4 titanium (Ti) disks, with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, were fabricated and treated using the aforementioned techniques. Subsequently, each treated group of disks underwent different peri-implantitis treatment methods: Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase, Inc.

Recognition of atomic-level difference in porphyrin dyads for self-sorted supramolecular polymer growth.

Porphyrin dyads (PDMs, where M = Zn and Cu) composed of diphenylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin units, designated as DPDMs and TPDMs, respectively, exhibited remarkable differences in the molecular assemblies depending on the coordination metal ion. Furthermore, TPDMs showed self-sorting behavior during the formation of supramolecular assemblies through the recognition of atomic-level difference.

The Impact of Mechanical Debridement Techniques on Titanium Implant Surfaces: A Comparison of Sandblasted, Acid-Etched, and Femtosecond Laser-Treated Surfaces.

This study evaluated the effects of various mechanical debridement methods on the surface roughness (Ra) of dental implants, comparing femtosecond laser-treated surfaces with conventionally machined and sandblasted with large-grit sand and acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. The fabrication of grade 4 titanium (Ti) disks (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) and the SLA process were carried out by a dental implant manufacturer (DENTIS; Daegu, Republic of Korea). Subsequently, disk surfaces were treated with various methods: machined, SLA, and femtosecond laser.

In Vitro Biofilm Formation on Zirconia Implant Surfaces Treated with Femtosecond and Nanosecond Lasers.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how a zirconia implant surface treated with laser technology affects the degree of biofilm formation. (2) Methods: Experimental titanium (Ti) disks were produced that were sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched (T), and they were compared with zirconia (ZrO) discs with a machined (M) surface topography; a hydrophilic surface topography with a femtosecond laser (HF); and a hydrophobic surface topography with a nanosecond laser (HN) (N = 12 per surface group). An in vitro three-species biofilm sample (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi)) was applied to each disc type, and bacterial adhesion was assessed after 48 and 72 h of incubation using an anaerobic flow chamber model.

Chiroptical Synaptic Heterojunction Phototransistors Based on Self-Assembled Nanohelix of π-Conjugated Molecules for Direct Noise-Reduced Detection of Circularly Polarized Light.

High-performance chiroptical synaptic phototransistors are successfully demonstrated using heterojunctions composed of a self-assembled nanohelix of a π-conjugated molecule and a metal oxide semiconductor. To impart strong chiroptical activity to the device, a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based π-conjugated molecule decorated with chiral glutamic acid is newly synthesized; this molecule is capable of supramolecular self-assembly through noncovalent intermolecular interactions. In particular, nanohelix formed by intertwinded fibers with strong and stable chiroptical activity in a solid-film state are obtained through hydrogen-bonding-driven, gelation-assisted self-assembly.

Influence of Dental Titanium Implants with Different Surface Treatments Using Femtosecond and Nanosecond Lasers on Biofilm Formation.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different surface treatments (machined; sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA); hydrophilic; and hydrophobic) on dental titanium (Ti) implant surface morphology, roughness, and biofilm formation. Four groups of Ti disks were prepared using distinct surface treatments, including femtosecond and nanosecond lasers for hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatments. Surface morphology, wettability, and roughness were assessed.

Clinical application of the optimized X-ray parameter model through analysis of disease risk and image quality when combining the ion chamber of automatic exposure control of digital radiography.

Objective: To present an optimized examination model by analyzing the risk of disease and image quality according to the combination of the ion chamber of automatic exposure control (AEC) with digital radiography (DR).

Methods: The X-ray quality was analyzed by first calculating the percentage average error (PAE) of DR. After that, when using AEC, the combination of the ion chambers was the same as the left and centre and right, right and centre, left and centre, centre, right, and left, for a total of six.

Impact of symmetry-breaking of non-fullerene acceptors for efficient and stable organic solar cells.

The concurrent enhancement of short-circuit current ( ) and open-circuit voltage ( ) is a key problem in the preparation of efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, we report efficient and stable OSCs based on an asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) IPC-BEH-IC2F. The NFA consists of a weak electron-donor core dithienothiophen[3,2-]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BEH) and two kinds of strong electron-acceptor (A) units [9-indeno[1,2-]pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile (IPC) with a tricyclic fused system and 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC2F)].

Nano-emulsification of oriental lacquer sap by ultrasonic wave propagation: Improvement of thin-film characteristics as a natural resin.

Lacquer sap has received much attention as a traditional natural resin because it is a renewable and eco-friendly biopolymer resource unlike artificial coating materials. However, strict drying conditions and long drying times of lacquer sap should be modified to expand its applications. This study presents the first attempt to investigate the effect of different amplitudes of ultrasonic waves on the lacquer sap composed of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets and the mechanical properties of the resultant film by solvent evaporation.

Quantitative Analysis Methods Using Histogram and Entropy for Detector Performance Evaluation According to the Sensitivity Change of the Automatic Exposure Control in Digital Radiography.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate detector performance using histogram and entropy analysis according to the sensitivity change of the automatic exposure control (AEC). The experiment was performed as follows: The sensitivity of the detector was analyzed through a normalized histogram with sensitivities of S200, S400, S800, and S1000 of the AEC; the entropy of the image was then analyzed, and the signal volume of the detector was evaluated according to the sensitivity change. As the sensitivity of the AEC was increased from S200 to S1000, the histogram showed underflow, quantization separation, and dynamic range discrepancy.

ATP degradation products as freshness indicator of flatfish during storage.

In this study, the ATP degradation products and microbial growth during storage of flatfish were measured for assessing its freshness. LOD and LOQ of the ATP degradation products including ADP, AMP, IMP, HxR and Hx were 0.01-0.

Effect of applied voltage on the structural properties of SnO2 nanostuctures grown on indium-tin-oxide coated glass substrates.

SnO2 nanostuctures were formed on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by using an electrochemical deposition (ECD) method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showed the existence of elemental Sn and O in the samples, indicative of the formation of SnO2 materials. An XPS spectrum showing the O 1s peak at a binding energy of 531.

Heparin-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticle-mediated adeno-associated virus delivery for enhancing cellular transduction.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been exploited as an elegant vehicle to enhance gene delivery efficiencies in gene therapy applications. We developed a magnetically guided adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery system for enhancing gene delivery to HEK293T and PC12 cell lines. Wild-type AAV2 and a novel AAV vector, AAVr3.