Lignin deoxygenation for the production of sustainable aviation fuel blendstocks.

Lignin is an abundant source of renewable aromatics that has long been targeted for valorization. Traditionally, the inherent heterogeneity and reactivity of lignin has relegated it to direct combustion, but its higher energy density compared with polysaccharides makes it an ideal candidate for biofuel production. This Review critically assesses lignin's potential as a substrate for sustainable aviation fuel blendstocks.

Reducing Solvent Consumption in Reductive Catalytic Fractionation through Lignin Oil Recycling.

Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) enables the simultaneous valorization of lignin and carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass through solvent-based lignin extraction, followed by depolymerization and catalytic stabilization of the extracted lignin. Process modeling has shown that the use of exogenous organic solvent in RCF is a challenge for economic and environmental feasibility, and previous works proposed that lignin oil, a mixture of lignin-derived monomers and oligomers produced by RCF, can be used as a cosolvent in RCF. Here, we further explore the potential of RCF solvent recycling with lignin oil, extending the feasible lignin oil concentration in the solvent to 100 wt %, relative to the previously demonstrated 0-19 wt % range.

[Development and Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program Based on Self-Determination Theory for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease].

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a motivational interviewing pulmonary rehabilitation program based on self-determination theory to maintain pulmonary rehabilitation-related health behaviors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The program was developed by reviewing the literature on pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines, drawing on the self-determinism theory to establish its contents, recruiting experts to test its validity, and conducting a preliminary survey.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to confirm the effect of the program.

Tissue pharmacokinetics of DHP107, a novel lipid-based oral formulation of paclitaxel, in mice and patients by positron emission tomography.

DHP107 is a newly developed lipid-based oral formulation of paclitaxel. We evaluated the in vivo tissue pharmacokinetics (PKs) of DHP107 in mice and patients using positron emission tomography (PET). Radioisotope-labeled [ H]DHP107 and [ F]DHP107 for oral administration were formulated in the same manner as the manufacturing process of DHP107.

Risk Factors for Frailty in Critical Care Survivors: A secondary analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its risk factors among critical care survivors who were discharged after receiving treatment in an intensive care unit.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis using data from a methodological study conducted between June and August 2018. The sample included 494 adults who had been admitted to the intensive care unit for more than 48 hours within a year.

Simultaneous determination of donepezil, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil and spinosin in beagle dog plasma using liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a drug-drug interaction study.

Spinosin, which is traditionally used for sedation and sleep disorders, has recently shown potential effects in alleviating memory loss. As spinosin is the main bioactive component in a standardized dried 50% ethanol extract of the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, a Phase IIb clinical trial is ongoing, in Korea for the combination of the above extract formulated in a tablet (DHP1401 tablet) with donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept® tablet) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Preparation and evaluation of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine-loaded lipid emulsion with enhanced stability and liver targeting.

To develop 2-(allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP)-loaded lipid emulsion for parenteral administration, various lipid emulsions were prepared with soybean oil, lecithin, and other carriers using homogenization method, and their physical stabilities were investigated by measuring their droplet sizes. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 2-AP in lipid emulsion after intravenous administration to rats were evaluated compared with 2-AP in solution. 2-AP was lipophilic, sparingly water-soluble, and unstable in aqueous medium.