The immunogenicity and safety of DTaP interchangeable immunization among Korean children.

Since the production of various vaccine formulations by different pharmaceutical companies and interruptions in vaccine supply cannot be fully regulated, problems caused by DTaP interchangeability may occur. However, the interchangeability data on the first primary series of DTaP vaccination have not been well described. In this study we investigated immunogenicity and overall safety of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis in children who had adventitiously received an interchangeable DTaP vaccination.

Differential effects of diallyl disulfide on neuronal cells depend on its concentration.

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is one of the organosulfur compounds of garlic. The effects of DADS on neuronal cells have not clearly been established. We investigated its effects on the viability of neuronal cells (N18D3 cells), the levels of free radical and membrane lipid peroxidation, and the cell signals, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3).

The effect of PARP inhibitor on ischaemic cell death, its related inflammation and survival signals.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in ischaemic cell death, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), one of the PARP inhibitors, has a protective effect on ischaemic stroke. We investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of 3-AB in ischaemic stroke. The occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) was made in 170 Sprague-Dawley rats, and reperfusion was performed 2 h after the occlusion.

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt and GSK-3 mediated cytoprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate on oxidative stress-injured neuronal-differentiated N18D3 cells.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of most famous compounds of green tea. EGCG suppresses apoptosis induced by oxidative radical stress through several mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate whether EGCG plays a cytoprotective role by activating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent anti-apoptotic pathway and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity in oxidative stressed N18D3 neural cells.