We investigated whether changes in the gut microbiome composition are associated with infections and immunologic complications during the treatment of Korean children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with hematologic malignancies. We analyzed stool samples from 26 patients and 10 healthy siblings using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. At diagnosis, patients exhibited a lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae and a higher abundance of Enterococcaceae than their healthy siblings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYAs) with severe illnesses require intensive treatment, often relying on medical devices and advanced medical services. Modern medical technology has improved the lifespans of these patients. In addition, CAYAs represent a vulnerable group, resulting in a significant caregiving burden on the entire family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD47 is expressed on cell surfaces and acts as a "don't eat me" signal by interacting with signal-regulatory protein-α on the macrophage surface. Some cancer cells express CD47 protein and can evade macrophage phagocytosis. Herein, we evaluated the feasibility of targeting CD47 for osteosarcoma by analyzing its expression patterns, clinicopathological correlations, and immunotherapeutic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) is commonly used to treat relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma; however, second-line treatment recommendations vary across guidelines.
Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of lenvatinib to IE (LEN-IE) improves outcomes in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma.
Design, Setting, And Participants: The OLIE phase II, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted globally across Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and North America.
We examined the leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL) in Korean adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer and evaluated the association of leukocyte RTL with multiple factors, including malignancy type, cancer treatment, age, and chronic health conditions (CHCs). Eighty-eight AYA survivors of childhood cancer with a median follow-up period of 73 months were recruited. RTL in pediatric cancer survivors was not significantly shorter than the predicted value for age-matched references.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the outcomes of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs), we analyzed the data of 61 patients aged ≤39 years diagnosed with MOGCT between 2006 and 2022. Among 59 patients who received chemotherapy after initial diagnosis, 57 received BEP (standard dose of bleomycin with 30 units per week, = 13) or bEP (reduced dose of bleomycin with 15 units/m on day 1, = 44). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 98.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Thyroid abnormality is a common late effect seen in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). We analyzed the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid abnormalities based on diagnoses and treatment modalities in CCSs.
Methods: The medical records of 257 CCSs who were diagnosed with cancer less than 20 year of age were retrospectively reviewed.
Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at risk for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of this study is to evaluate ovarian function and associated health outcomes in female adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer.
Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine female CCSs were enrolled.
Cancer Res Treat
January 2023
Purpose: Renal tumors account for approximately 7% of all childhood cancers. These include Wilms tumor (WT), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and other rare tumors. We investigated the epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). The unique features of γδ T cells have made them popular for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we expanded γδ T cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and investigated their therapeutic potential against OS cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Adolesc Young Adult Oncol
April 2023
It is crucial for childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) to manage metabolic syndrome. The prevalence and predictive factors of metabolic syndrome components in CCSs were investigated. This study included CCSs who were diagnosed with cancer under the age of 20 and completed therapy more than 1 year ago.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
April 2022
Background: Humans are commonly exposed to ionizing radiation. The conventional approach for estimating radiation exposure is to integrate physical and clinical measurements for optimizing the dose calculation. However, these methods have several limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe epidemiology of osteosarcoma in adolescents and young adults (AYA) remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare the clinical features of osteosarcoma between AYA and other age groups. We retrieved osteosarcoma cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2017 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy accounting for less than 5% of all ovarian cancers. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, survival, and subsequent malignancies after the diagnosis of MOGCT.
Methods: Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to identify MOGCTs between 1999 and 2017.
Purpose: Due to low incidence, epidemiologic data of Ewing sarcoma in the Asian population are scarce. We aimed to examine the incidence pattern and outcome of patients with Ewing sarcoma in the Republic of Korea.
Materials And Methods: Data of patients with Ewing sarcoma diagnosed between 1999 and 2017 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR).
Background/aim: Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, but current therapeutic interventions remain largely insufficient. The development of new treatment strategies is needed, and moreover, optimal rodent models are necessary for testing the efficacy of new treatment modalities of osteosarcoma. Humanized mice carry human hematopoietic and immune systems, and are considered an ideal tool to study human diseases including cancer immunology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: No standard salvage regimen is available for relapsed or refractory sarcoma. We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide combination (VIT) for relapsed or refractory sarcomas of variable histology in children and young adults.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from the relapsed or refractory sarcoma patients who were treated with VIT.
J Korean Med Sci
January 2021
This corrects the article on p. e393 in vol. 35, PMID: 33258329.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Korean Med Sci
November 2020
Background: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) constitutes 10%-20% of all malignant lymphomas and has a high cure rate (5-year survival, around 90%). Recently, interest has increased concerning preventing secondary complications (secondary cancer, endocrine disorders) in long-term survivors. We aimed to study the epidemiologic features and therapeutic outcomes of HL in children, adolescents, and young adults in Korea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly aggressive malignancy with peak incidence in children aged less than 3 years. Standard treatment for central nervous system ATRT in children under the age of 3 years have not been established yet. The objective of this study was to analyze characteristics and clinical outcomes of ATRT in children aged less than 3 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
September 2020
Maximizing accumulation of bone mass during childhood and adolescence is essential to attaining optimal peak bone mass. Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than the general population. Chemotherapeutic agents including steroids and radiotherapy can affect BMD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study investigated the incidence and relative survival rates (RSRs) for cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years between 1993 and 2016 in Korea.
Materials And Methods: Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to calculate percent distributions, age-specific incidence rates, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per million, annual percent changes (APCs), average APCs, and RSRs for cancers diagnosed in AYAs.
Results: ASR of all cancers among AYAs was 654.
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare liver cancer affecting adolescents and young adults without any pre existing liver disease. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy (HAE) is a serious paraneoplastic syndrome, and several cases of HAE have been reported in patients with FLHCC. This condition is rare; hence, there are currently no management guidelines for cancer-related HAE.
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