Dual Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing Cell Adhesion Molecule Increases Early in Renal Tubular Cell Injury and Plays Anti-Inflammatory Role.

Dual immunoglobulin domain-containing cell adhesion molecule (DICAM) is a type I transmembrane protein that presents in various cells including renal tubular cells. This study evaluated the expression and protective role of DICAM in renal tubular cell injury. HK-2 cells were incubated and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 μg/mL) or hydrogen peroxide (HO, 100 μM) for 24 h.

In vivo imaging of renal microvasculature in a murine ischemia-reperfusion injury model using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides three-dimensional structural and semiquantitative imaging of microvasculature in vivo. We developed an OCTA imaging protocol for a murine kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model to investigate the correlation between renal microvascular changes and ischemic damage. Mice were divided into mild and moderate IRI groups according to the duration of ischemia (10 and 35 mins, respectively).

Paricalcitol Improves Hypoxia-Induced and TGF-β1-Induced Injury in Kidney Pericytes.

Recently, the role of kidney pericytes in kidney fibrosis has been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of paricalcitol on hypoxia-induced and TGF-β1-induced injury in kidney pericytes. The primary cultured pericytes were pretreated with paricalcitol (20 ng/mL) for 90 min before inducing injury, and then they were exposed to TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) or hypoxia (1% O and 5% CO).

Single-Dose Toxicity Study on ML171, a Selective NOX1 Inhibitor, in Mice.

Background: ML171 is a potent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) inhibitor with isoform selectivity only for NOX1. This study is aimed at investigating the safety of ML171 after a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection in mice.

Methods: The toxicity of a single dose of ML171 was evaluated in 6-week-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice in a good laboratory practice (GLP) laboratory.

The Crucial Role of Xanthine Oxidase in CKD Progression Associated with Hypercholesterolemia.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition on cholesterol-induced renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice, and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-treated human kidney proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells. ApoE knockout (KO) mice underwent uninephrectomy to induce CKD, and were fed a normal diet or high-cholesterol (HC) diet along with the XO inhibitor topiroxostat (1 mg/kg/day). HK-2 cells were treated with LDL (200 µg/mL) and topiroxostat (5 µM) or small interfering RNA against xanthine dehydrogenase (siXDH; 20 nM).

Medium cut-off dialyzer improves erythropoiesis stimulating agent resistance in a hepcidin-independent manner in maintenance hemodialysis patients: results from a randomized controlled trial.

The response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) is affected by inflammation linked to middle molecules in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We evaluated the effect of a medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzer on ESA resistance in maintenance HD patients. Forty-nine patients who underwent high-flux HD were randomly allocated to the MCO or high-flux group.

Randomized controlled trial of medium cut-off versus high-flux dialyzers on quality of life outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzers help remove larger middle molecules associated with symptoms related to the accumulation of uremic retention solutes. We investigated the effect of an MCO dialyzer on the improvement of quality of life (QOL) in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Forty-nine HD patients with high-flux dialysis were randomly assigned to either an MCO (Theranova 400, Baxter) or a high-flux (FX CorDiax 80 or 60, Fresenius Medical Care) dialyzer and completed the study.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits formaldehyde-induced apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells.

Background: The alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein has an important role in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic response. AAT inhibits not only serine proteases but also cysteine and aspartic proteases. Apoptosis results from the sequential activation of cysteine proteases of the caspase family.

Fimasartan attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating inflammation-related apoptosis.

Fimasartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, reduces myocyte damage and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque through its anti-inflammatory effect in animal studies. We investigated the protective effects of pretreatment with fimasartan on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a mouse model of ischemic renal damage. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without 5 (IR-F5) or 10 (IR-F10) mg/kg/day fimasartan for 3 days.

Alpha1-Antitrypsin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition.

Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through regulating the activity of serine proteinases. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of AAT against the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) mice and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. C57BL/6 mice with induced UUO were injected intraperitoneally with AAT (80 mg/Kg) or vehicle for 7 days.

Phosphate-induced apoptosis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro.

Background: It has been demonstrated that phosphate uptake through the type III sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter, Pit-1, induced apoptosis of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. However, the apoptotic effects of high phosphate (HP) level in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) are not known.

Methods: To examine whether Pit-1 is expressed in HPMCs, we checked the Western blot assay of immunoreactive Pit-1 and the transcription of Pit-1 by reverse transcriptase PCR.

Impact of systemic and local peritoneal inflammation on peritoneal solute transport rate in new peritoneal dialysis patients: a 1-year prospective study.

Background: The association between peritoneal solute transport rates (PSTRs) and inflammatory markers in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is still under investigation. We aimed to elucidate their relationship during the first year on PD.

Methods: We performed a prospective observational study with 187 incident PD patients who were treated with either biocompatible solution (BCS) or conventional solution (CS).

Impact of low glucose degradation product bicarbonate/lactate-buffered dialysis solution on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneum.

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Glucose degradation products (GDPs) may induce EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs).

Methods: The effects of individual GDPs and GDPs derived from peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) in both HPMCs and peritoneal membranes were evaluated.

Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) inhibits eosinophil recruitment into the airway and Th2 cytokine expression in an OVA-induced lung inflammation.

The effect of deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. was evaluated in an IN VIVO animal model for antiasthmatic activity. DPT (1.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Ailanthus altissima in ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation.

As part of an ongoing investigation to find bioactive medicinal herbs exerting anti-inflammation activity, the effect of an ethanol extract from the parts of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) was evaluated in both in vitro and in in vivo system. The ethanol extract of A. altissima (EAa) inhibited generation of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent phases of prostaglandin D2 in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 214.

Induction of Ym1/2 in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by IL-4 and identification of Ym1/2 in connective tissue type-like mast cells derived from bone marrow cells cultured with IL-4 and stem cell factor.

Mast cells play an important role in allergic inflammation by releasing various bioactive mediators. The function of mast cells is enhanced by various stimuli, partly due to the induction of specific genes and their products. Although many inducible genes have been identified, a significant number of genes remain to be identified.