Tracheocutaneous Fistula After Tracheostomy: Spotlight on a Closure Technique With a High Success Rate.

Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. While it effectively provides a secure airway, tracheostomy can lead to complications, such as tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia granulation tissue, pneumonia, aspiration tracheovascular fistula, tracheoesophageal fistula, and tracheocutaneous fistula.  In this systematic review, we aim to identify the most suitable closure method and compare recurrence outcomes between methods for persistent tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) in all age groups.