Fibrolytic efficiency of the large intestine microbiota may benefit running speed in French trotters: A pilot study.

This pilot study sought to explore the contribution of the large intestine microbiota to energy metabolism and exercise performance through its ability to degrade fibers into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). To investigate this, a correlational study was carried out on athlete horses under the same management conditions. Fecal microbiota diversity and composition, fibrolytic efficiency and SCFAs were analyzed.

sp. HC4, a newly isolated strain, demonstrates a high cellulolytic activity as revealed by enzymatic measurements and assay.

Despite their low quantity and abundance, the cellulolytic bacteria that inhabit the equine large intestine are vital to their host, as they enable the crucial use of forage-based diets. is one of the most important intestinal cellulolytic bacteria. In this study, sp.

Changes of faecal bacterial communities and microbial fibrolytic activity in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old.

Horse owners and veterinarians report that from the age of 15, their horses can lose body condition and be more susceptible to diseases. Large intestinal microbiome changes may be involved. Indeed, microbiota is crucial for maintaining the condition and health of herbivores by converting fibres into nutrients.

Factors associated with adverse outcome among children with sickle cell disease admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit: an observational cohort.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most frequent inherited diseases in the world. Over the last decades, in high-income countries, an important decrease in mortality have been observed due to the improvement of care. However, children with SCD can become critically ill and require admission in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU).

Diet modulates strongyle infection and microbiota in the large intestine of horses.

The use of anthelminthic drugs has several drawbacks, including the selection of resistant parasite strains. Alternative avenues to mitigate the negative effects of helminth infection involve dietary interventions that might affect resistance and/or tolerance by improving host immunity, modulating the microbiota, or exerting direct anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet on strongyle infection in horses, specifically through immune-mediated, microbiota-mediated, or direct anthelmintic effects.

IMPROVE study protocol, investigating post-stroke local muscle vibrations to promote cerebral plasticity and functional recovery: a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Spasticity is a frequent disabling consequence following a stroke. Local muscle vibrations (LMVs) have been proposed as a treatment to address this problem. However, little is known about their clinical and neurophysiological impacts when used repeatedly during the subacute phase post-stroke.

Local vibration induces changes in spinal and corticospinal excitability in vibrated and antagonist muscles.

Local vibration (LV) applied over the muscle tendon constitutes a powerful stimulus to activate the muscle spindle primary (Ia) afferents that project to the spinal level and are conveyed to the cortical level. This study aimed to identify the neuromuscular changes induced by a 30-min LV-inducing illusions of hand extension on the vibrated flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and the antagonist extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. We studied the change of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC, ) for carpal flexion and extension, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs, ), cervicomedullary motor-evoked potentials (CMEPs, ), and Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex, ) for both muscles at rest.

Effect of high-starch or high-fibre diets on the energy metabolism and physical performance of horses during an 8-week training period.

Large amounts of high-starch concentrates are traditionally fed to horses in training. However, this has been associated with digestive or muscle diseases and behavioural modifications. In parallel, it has been demonstrated that horses fed high-fibre, low-starch diets achieve the same performance over an exercise test as the ones fed high-starch diets.

Effect of diet composition on glandular gastric disease in horses.

Background: Nutritional factors are suggested to influence the incidence and severity of glandular gastric disease (GGD) in horses.

Objectives: To retrospectively assess whether dietary fermentable carbohydrates increase the severity of GGD and to prospectively evaluate whether the partial substitution of concentrates by dehydrated alfalfa would decrease GGD severity scores.

Animals: In total, 82 trotters from 4 training centers exercised ≥5 days/week.

Inclusion of Sainfoin in the Diet Might Alter Strongyle Infection in Naturally Infected Horses.

It is increasingly difficult to control equine strongyles with synthetic drugs, as resistance is commonly observed. Here, we investigated the possible anthelmintic effect of sainfoin (), a polyphenol-rich legume, in naturally infected horses. On Day 0 (D0), 17 horses were allocated to three different homogenous groups in terms of fecal egg count (FEC): the control group (CONT) received a diet composed on a DM basis of 83% hay and 17% wheat bran, while in the sainfoin 1 (SF1) and sainfoin 2 (SF2) groups, half or all wheat bran, respectively, was replaced by dehydrated sainfoin pellets.

Management of severe inaugural diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatric intensive care: retrospective comparison of two protocols.

Unlabelled: The best protocol for severe inaugural diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children remains unclear. We compared two protocols by assessing effects during the first 24 h on osmolality, serum sodium, and glucose variations, which are associated with the risk of cerebral oedema, the most dreaded complication of DKA. We also recorded complications.

Sequential Modulation of the Equine Fecal Microbiota and Fibrolytic Capacity Following Two Consecutive Abrupt Dietary Changes and Bacterial Supplementation.

In horses, abrupt changes from high-fiber (HF) to high-starch (HS) diets can affect the cecal and colonic microbiota. This study investigated modifications and recovery of fecal microbiota after two consecutive abrupt dietary changes. Twelve horses fed HF for 2 weeks were changed to HS for 5 days then returned to HF for 7 weeks.

Multidimensional Approach for Investigating the Effects of an Antibiotic-Probiotic Combination on the Equine Hindgut Ecosystem and Microbial Fibrolysis.

The equine hindgut ecosystem is specialized in dietary fibers' fermentation to provide horses' energy and contribute to its health. Nevertheless, antibiotics are known to disrupt the hindgut microbiota, affecting the fibrolytic activity of bacteria and the intestinal immune balance, leading to diseases. This study used a general and comprehensive approach for characterizing the hindgut ecosystem of 9 healthy horses over 28 days in response to a 5-day challenge with oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS), with a special emphasis on microbial fibrolytic activity and the host immune response.

Safety of early norepinephrine infusion through peripheral vascular access during transport of critically ill children.

Study Objective: In prehospital and emergency settings, vasoactive medications may need to be started through a peripheral intravenous catheter. Fear of extravasation and skin injury, with norepinephrine specifically, may prevent or delay peripheral vasopressor initiation, though studies from adults suggest the actual risk is low. We sought to study the risk of extravasation and skin injury with peripheral administration of norepinephrine in children in the prehospital setting.

Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: 5-Year Experience of a French Pediatric and Neonatal Center.

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an established therapy for refractory cardiac and/or pulmonary failure that is not available in all centers. When infants and children require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, they are sometimes placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in peripheral centers where extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not available and then transferred on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to specialized centers. The objective of this study is to first describe one of the largest cohorts of infants and children transported by a mobile unit while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Association between nutritional values of hays fed to horses and sensory properties as perceived by human sight, touch and smell.

Although hay is the foundation of most equine diets, horse owners rarely ask for biochemical analysis and the routine practice is to choose hay based on its 'perceived' nutritional value. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between sensory properties as perceived by sight, touch and smell, and the nutritional value of hay measured by biochemical analysis using a 'free sorting task' method. Fifty-four non-expert participants were asked individually to: (1) observe 21 hays samples, (2) group together hays that they perceived as similar for each of the three modalities (hay appearance, odour or texture) and (3) characterize each formed group with a maximum of five descriptive terms.

Diagnosis of Heroin Overdose in an 8-Year-Old Boy: Reliable Contribution of Toxicological Investigations.

Toxicological investigations are often required by clinicians in comatose patients with suspected poisoning. However, the usefulness of toxicological analyses to support a diagnosis of acute poisoning is debated among clinicians and the interpretation of laboratory tests is challenging given the wide diversity of analytical techniques available. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy who was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe respiratory depression and neurological impairment.

Buccal Midazolam Compared With Rectal Diazepam Reduces Seizure Duration in Children in the Outpatient Setting.

Background: Seizures are very common in children. They frequently happen in outpatient settings, in the presence of caregivers who are not always trained in their management. First-line rescue therapy is based on benzodiazepine, historically diazepam.

[Paediatric mobile emergency and intensive care services, objectives and missions].

The paediatric mobile emergency and intensive care service care teams have expertise in taking care of children in life-threatening circumstances. At the Robert-Debré Hospital in Paris, the paediatric Smur is multi-skilled, specialising particularly in transporting neonates and infants with severe cardiac or respiratory difficulties. The pathologies handled are very varied and include both neonatal pathologies and trauma pathologies in older children.

Effect of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on the muscle transcriptome in older adults.

Dietary fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation can increase muscle mass, reduce oxygen demand during physical activity, and improve physical function (muscle strength and power, and endurance) in people. The results from several studies conducted in animals suggest that the anabolic and performance-enhancing effects of n-3 PUFA are at least in part transcriptionally regulated. The effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the muscle transcriptome in people is unknown.

Recovery position significantly associated with a reduced admission rate of children with loss of consciousness.

Background: Loss of consciousness (LOC) is often seen in children. The response of caregivers to a child with LOC has been poorly investigated. Potential caregivers (parents, teachers) seem to have a poor knowledge of the recovery position (RP)-that is, the position into which an unconscious child should be placed in order to protect the airway.

Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults.

Background: Age-associated declines in muscle mass and function are major risk factors for an impaired ability to carry out activities of daily living, falls, prolonged recovery time after hospitalization, and mortality in older adults. New strategies that can slow the age-related loss of muscle mass and function are needed to help older adults maintain adequate performance status to reduce these risks and maintain independence.

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of fish oil-derived n-3 (ω-3) PUFA therapy to slow the age-associated loss of muscle mass and function.

Headache with focal neurologic signs in children at the emergency department.

Objective: To identify predictors of secondary headache in children consulting at the pediatric emergency department (ED) for headache with a focal neurologic deficit.

Study Design: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children aged 6-18 years presenting to the ED of a tertiary care hospital with moderate to severe headache and focal neurologic deficit. Enrollment took place between March 2009 and February 2012.