Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Prevenar13) in Preventing Acquisition of Carriage of Pneumococcal Vaccine Serotypes in Tanzanian Children With HIV/AIDS.

Unlabelled: In every year, up to one million children die due to pneumococcal disease. Children infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are mostly affected, as they appear to have higher rates of pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease. Successful immunity is dependent on mounting a sufficient immune response to the vaccine.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: prevalence and risk factors in HIV-positive children in Tanzania.

Background: Pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx is especially common in young children and is a pre-requisite for pneumococcal disease. Those with immunosuppression, such as HIV, are at higher risk of colonization and disease, especially at older ages. Currently, vaccination schedules are only offered to children under 6 months of age, despite the large impact of pneumococcal disease in older unvaccinated children with HIV.