[Characteristics of white spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment: a review].

Introduction: The purpose of this literature review is to provide scientific evidence on the characteristics of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment, their incidence, prevalence, risk factors related to their development, progression, and regression, as well as explain the most used diagnostic methods.

Materials And Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase up to the date of November 30, 2022. Cross-sectional studies that evaluated white spot lesions before and after orthodontic treatments were included.

Effects of sandblasting before orthophosphoric acid etching on lingual enamel: in-vitro roughness assessment.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated changes in lingual enamel roughness due to sandblasting with 27-, 50-, and 90-μm aluminum oxide particles followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid etching.

Methods: Twenty-four maxillary premolars were included in the study. The lingual enamel roughness of 20 teeth was evaluated using a laser confocal microscope before and after enamel conditioning.

Effect of lingual enamel sandblasting with aluminum oxide of different particle sizes in combination with phosphoric acid etching on indirect bonding of lingual brackets.

Objective: To compare bond strength and bond failure location of lingual brackets indirectly bonded after lingual enamel sandblasting with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles followed by 37% phosphoric acid etching.

Material And Methods: Eighty maxillary premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups according to the method of lingual enamel surface conditioning: Group 1 (control) was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, and group 2, group 3, and group 4 were sandblasted with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles, respectively, prior to acid etching. Lingual brackets were indirectly bonded using the same protocol and adhesive (Sondhi) in all groups.

Effect of adhesion boosters on indirect bracket bonding.

Objective: To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets.

Materials And Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive.