Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy in a Pediatric Patient Presenting With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a well-known potential sequela of COVID-19 infection. Though prevalence is higher in certain populations, this syndrome is a rare occurrence in children. Beyond MIS, there has been increasing research into COVID infection and the subsequent onset of autoimmune conditions, such as diabetes.

First report of a patient meeting criteria for both multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adult onset Still's disease.

Background: COVID-19 is associated with a postinfectious hyperinflammatory disorder, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), that shares characteristics with still's disease, known as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) in children younger than 16, and adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) in children 16 and older. Both MIS-C and SJIA/AOSD can be complicated by macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a potentially fatal condition of cytokine storm.

Case Presentation: We present a 16 year-old male who developed quotidian fever, headache, conjunctival injection, sore throat, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and symmetrical polyarticular arthralgia/arthritis 4 weeks after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and 2 weeks after his first vaccination against COVID-19.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Purpose Of Review: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has developed into a pandemic. A unique challenge of this pandemic has been the emergence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare post-infectious hyperinflammatory disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2. This syndrome is characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, fever, hypotension, and cardiac dysfunction.