Comparative effectiveness of clozapine and non-clozapine atypical antipsychotics provided by the Brazilian National Health System in adults with schizophrenia.

Introduction: Currently, 21 million people live with the disease, mostly in low to middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the survival of patients with schizophrenia using clozapine compared with non-clozapine atypical antipsychotics provided by the Brazilian National Health System using real-world data.

Materials And Methods: This is an open retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia to whom atypical antipsychotics were dispensed by the Brazilian National Health System between 2000 and 2015, based on deterministic-probabilistic pairing of administrative data records.

Effects of Multistrain Probiotic Supplementation on Sows' Emotional and Cognitive States and Progeny Welfare.

The intensification of production systems has resulted in detrimental effects on sow welfare, which can have an adverse influence on their offspring. Considering the relevance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, probiotics can mitigate such impacts. To investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of probiotics on the welfare of sows and piglets, 147 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group or a group supplemented with a multistrain probiotic from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation.

Clinical benefits and economic cost-savings of remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) for migraine prevention.

Aims: Assess the clinical benefits and associated direct and indirect cost-savings from Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for migraine prevention.

Methods: REN, a prescribed, wearable, FDA-cleared neuromodulation-device for acute and/or preventive treatment of migraine, recently demonstrated efficacy for migraine prevention when used every-other-day, in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. Following baseline (4-weeks), subjects underwent treatment with REN or placebo (8-weeks), and electronically reported migraine symptoms and acute treatments daily.

Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Patients with Chronic Migraine: An Open-Label Pilot Study.

Introduction: Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel acute treatment of migraine. Upper arm peripheral nerves are stimulated to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM)-an endogenous analgesic mechanism in which conditioning stimulation inhibits pain in remote body regions. The REN device (Nerivio, Theranica Bio-Electronics LTD.

Association Between Obesity and Migraine in Women.

Purpose Of Review: Migraine is a common and highly disabling condition that is particularly prevalent among women and especially women of reproductive age. The tremendous rise in adiposity in the Western world has led to an epidemic of obesity in women. The particular effects of obesity on women with migraine of various ages are the focus of this review.

Duration of diabetes and risk of ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study.

Background And Purpose: Diabetes increases stroke risk, but whether diabetes status immediately before stroke improves prediction and whether duration is important are less clear. We hypothesized that diabetes duration independently predicts ischemic stroke.

Methods: Among 3298 stroke-free participants in the Northern Manhattan Study, baseline diabetes and age at diagnosis were determined.

Too good to treat? Outcomes in patients not receiving thrombolysis due to mild deficits or rapidly improving symptoms.

Introduction: Among ischemic stroke patients arriving within the treatment window, rapidly improving symptoms or having a mild deficit (i.e. too good to treat) is a common reason for exclusion.

The metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance: the Northern Manhattan Study.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, and increased mortality, and has been associated with cognition in some populations. We hypothesized that MetS would be associated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in a multi-ethnic population, and that MetS is a better predictor of cognition than its individual components or diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 3,150 stroke-free participants.

Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage among eligible warfarin-treated patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: To determine whether warfarin-treated patients with an international normalized ratio less than 1.7 who receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke are at increased risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

Design: Retrospective study.

Toxoplasma gondii: the role of IFN-gamma, TNFRp55 and iNOS in inflammatory changes during infection.

In order to examine the role of IFN-gamma, TNFRp55 and iNOS in inflammatory reaction during toxoplasmosis, IFN-gamma(-/-), TNFRp55(-/-) and iNOS(-/-) mice were experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii ME-49 strain. The organs of the mice were evaluated for histology and immunohistochemistry in detection of tissue parasitism and iNOS positive cells. IFN-gamma(-/-) mice presented mild inflammation in peripheral organs associated with a high parasitism and mortality in the acute phase of infection.