Subtly Modulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β: Allosteric Inhibitor Development and Their Potential for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is a central target in several unmet diseases. To increase the specificity of GSK-3β inhibitors in chronic treatments, we developed small molecules allowing subtle modulation of GSK-3β activity. Design synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and binding mode of quinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as allosteric modulators of GSK-3β are presented here.

Raloxifene as an Adjunctive Treatment for Postmenopausal Women With Schizophrenia: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Unlabelled: The potential therapeutic utility of estrogens in schizophrenia is increasingly being recognized. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, appears to act similarly to estrogens on dopamine and serotonin brain systems. One previous trial by our team found that raloxifene was useful to improve negative, positive, and general psychopathological symptoms, without having the negative side effects of estrogens.

[Results of pancreaticoduodenectomy in the treatment of periampullary tumors].

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of periampullary tumors represents a challenge for current medicine.

Aim: To review the results of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PDD) in the treatment of periampullary tumors and to identify risk factors that impact the long-term survival.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent a PDD for periampullary tumors between 1993 and 2009.

Diseases, lesions and malformations in the long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis from the Southeast Pacific.

Miscellaneous lesions of the head, skull, teeth, trunk, appendages, skin and genital tract were observed in 120 of 930 long-beaked common dolphins Delphinus capensis taken in fisheries off Peru between 1985 and 2000. Seven subsamples were defined according to the varying field sampling protocols. Forty-two dolphins showed at least 2 types of injuries or diseases affecting 1 or more organs.

[Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Experience in 357 patients].

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a widely used technique in the treatment of gallstone disease. Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy (OLC) is a cost/effective and safe procedure in selected patients.

Aim: A pilot program of OLC was conducted in a Chilean Public Hospital to evaluate the feasibility and results, including and patients' satisfaction using OLC.

A comparison of the phenotype of dendritic cells derived from discrete Peyer's patch macrophages of non-infected and Toxoplasma gondii infected mice.

A comparison of the expression of surface membrane antigens between dendritic cells (DC) derived from Peyer's patch macrophages (DPP-DC) of non-infected and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infected mice was performed. C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks of both sexes were infected orally with a 0.

Phenotype and function of murine discrete Peyer's patch macrophage derived - dendritic cells.

The phenotype and function of peritoneal cavity macrophage-derived dendritic cells (PEC-DC) was previously reported. In this study we have gone further in using our established culture system to generated discrete Peyer's patch dendritic cells (DPP-DC) from murine discrete Peyer's patch macrophages (DPP-Mø), following stimulation with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin 4 (IL-4) for 7 days. DPP-Mø from murine small intestines were obtained by mechanical disruption of discrete Peyer's patches (DPP), followed by metrizamide density gradient centrifugation to remove Peyer's patch resident DC and debri, after which an overnight adherent step in tissue culture medium was carried out for macrophage enrichment.

Comparison of neuromuscular blockade and recovery with botulinum toxins A and F.

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A is used to treat focal dystonias. Because immunoresistance has been documented in some patients, other molecular forms of the toxin have been evaluated clinically. The present investigation compared the time course and extent of neuromuscular blockade and recovery of botulinum toxin types A and F using an electromyographic monitoring system implanted in the rat hindlimb.