[Disease genotype, haplotypes, diagnosis and associated studies in sickle cell anemia].

Sickle cell anemia is a type of hemoglobinopathy characterized by a specific mutation in the beta globin gene with the consequent generation of an unstable hemoglobin that crystallizes in a state of hypoxia. This causes a change in the structure of the red blood cell, which ends up producing vaso-occlusion with the corresponding clinical complications for the patient. Worldwide, various diagnostic tests have been developed that allow the appropriate approach to the affected patient.

Genetic Aspects of Glial Cells Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) are structures which are found in large numbers throughout the nervous system, fulfilling multiple functions, such as regulating the synapses, providing structure, support and nutrition, contributing towards the immune response and tissue oxygenation. Knowledge regarding glial cells has increased during the last few years, since Virchow defined them as supporting connective tissue, followed by Ramón y Cajal who described them as tissue in themselves, until today when a first order physiological role has been recognised for them and a leading role in the appearance and progression of various pathological processes, primarily in the group of Neurodegenerative Diseases (ND). The ND represents a group of pathologies which gradually cause the degeneration of nervous tissue, have a broad spectrum regarding their appearance and, in some cases, are the direct consequence of genetic alterations leading to physiological changes in the nervous system.