Association between DNA methyltransferase gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder, the second most prevalent, only behind Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggest that environmental factors may contribute for neurodegeneration through induction of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, that is carried out by enzymes, such as DNMT1 and DNMT3B. This present study targeted to investigate the association among DNMT1 and DNMT3B polymorphisms with PD.

The synergistic risk effect of apolipoprotein ε4 and DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) haplotype for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disease with the contribution of several genes and polymorphisms to its development. Among these genes, the APOEε4 is the best known risk factor for AD. Methylation is associated with APOE expression and AD development.

Similarities between adult female crack cocaine users and adolescents in risky decision-making scenarios.

Background: Although previous studies have shown that both adolescence and drug addiction can influence risk-taking and decision-making processes, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Specifically, there is a lack of evidence as to whether these conditions could affect deliberative and affective processes involved in risk taking, such as feedback learning and valuation of profits and risk.

Objectives: The objectives were to compare the role of feedback and the use of information in risk-taking behavior between female crack cocaine users and adolescents.

Long-term cannabis abuse and early-onset cannabis use increase the severity of cocaine withdrawal during detoxification and rehospitalization rates due to cocaine dependence.

Background: Long-term and early-onset cannabis consumption are implicated in subsequent substance- related problems. The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether these patterns of cannabis use could impact cocaine withdrawal severity and cocaine craving intensity during detoxification. In addition, we investigated their impact in the rehospitalization rates due to cocaine dependence 2.

DNA methyltransferase haplotype is associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in syndromes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, but little is known about the role of epigenetics in Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA methylation, one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, is a complex process carried out by specific enzymes, such as DNMT1 and DNMT3B. This study aimed to investigate the association between DNMT1 and DNMT3B polymorphisms and AD.

Neurotrophic factors in women with crack cocaine dependence during early abstinence: the role of early life stress.

Background: Neurotrophic factors have been investigated in the pathophysiology of alcohol and drug dependence and have been related to early life stress driving developmental programming of neuroendocrine systems.

Methods: We conducted a follow-up study that aimed to assess the plasma levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5) in crack users during 3 weeks of early abstinence in comparison with healthy controls. We performed a comprehensive clinical assessment in female inpatients with crack cocaine dependence (separated into 2 groups: participants with (CSA+) and without (CSA-) a history of childhood sexual abuse) and a group of nonuser control participants.

Hair cortisol and stressful life events retrospective assessment in crack cocaine users.

Background: Some evidence suggests that altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in cocaine users might play a role in the pathophysiology of substance abuse. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to negative life events and cortisol hair concentrations in crack cocaine users during the 3 months prior to admission to a detoxification program.

Methods: A total of 23 treatment-seeking, crack cocaine-dependent women were selected for this study 1 week after admission to an inpatient treatment at a locked treatment facility.

Interleukin-6 and verbal memory in recurrent major depressive disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the possible association between peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) with immediate and delayed verbal recall in a group of recurrent depressed women.

Methods: Logical Memory Subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised was administered to 30 patients with recurrent major depressive disorder with no clinical and psychiatric comorbidities. Blood samples were collected from 8:00 am to 9:00 am, before memory assessments.

[Translation and content validation of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire into Portuguese language].

Objective: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire is a self-applied instrument for adolescents and adults to assess childhood abuse. The objective was to translate, adapt and validate the questionnaire content into a Portuguese language version called Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância.

Methods: The translation and adaptation into Portuguese was carried out in five steps: (1) translation; (2) back translation; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation by professional experts (judges); and (5) a final critical assessment by the target population using a verbal rating scale.