Pathogenesis of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Its Effect on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as broken heart syndrome, stress cardiomyopathy (SCM), or apical ballooning syndrome, is a non-ischemic cardiac disease with an initial clinical presentation that is very similar to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) contribute significantly to an increase in the rates of death in patients with TTC, especially during the acute phase, in which patients with TTC are more susceptible to develop life-threatening arrhythmias (LTA) such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), torsades de pointes (TdP), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the pathophysiology of TTC and how VA occurs are still a mystery.

The Future of Metformin in the Prevention of Diabetes-Related Osteoporosis.

As a worldwide aging population is on the rise, osteoporosis (OS) is becoming a global health burden. Therefore, many researchers and health authorities are looking into the potential prevention and treatment of OS. Although previously regarded as two separate pathological processes, diabetes (DM) and OS are now regarded as two conditions that can occur together.

Myasthenia Gravis and its Association With Thyroid Diseases.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder, and thyroid disorder is a disorder involving the thyroid receptor, of which Graves' disease (GD) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disorder, in which antibodies develop against thyroid receptors. Both may have similar clinical features. In myasthenia gravis, autoimmune antibodies develop against postsynaptic neuromuscular junction disrupting the neuromuscular transmission, resulting in fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue.