Mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units during the season for acute lower respiratory infection: a multicenter study.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units during the season of acute lower respiratory infections.

Design: Prospective cohort of infants and children receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 12 hrs.

Setting: Sixty medical-surgical pediatric intensive care units.

The impact of daily evaluation and spontaneous breathing test on the duration of pediatric mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess whether the combination of daily evaluation and use of a spontaneous breathing test could shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation as compared with weaning based on our standard of care. Secondary outcome measures included extubation failure rate and the need for noninvasive ventilation.

Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.

High mortality in patients with influenza A pH1N1 2009 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit: a predictive model of mortality.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care with influenza A (pH1N1) 2009 in Argentina.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Thirteen pediatric intensive care units in Argentina.

Characterization of pediatric patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and risk factors of pediatric patients who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation, defined as ventilatory support for >21 days.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: Four medical-surgical pediatric intensive care units in four university-affiliated hospitals in Argentina.

Emergence of intratreatment resistance to oseltamivir in pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus.

Background: Pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus presents a new challenge to health authorities and communities worldwide. In Argentina, the outbreak was at its peak by the end of June 2009, during the southern winter. A systematic analysis of samples from patients with pandemic H1N1 2009 studied in our laboratory (Virology Laboratory, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina) detected two patients presenting intratreatment emergence of the H275Y neuraminidase mutation, which confers resistance to oseltamivir.

Critically ill infants and children with influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological features, course, and outcomes of critically ill pediatric patients with Influenza A (H1N1) virus.

Design: Prospective cohort of children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.

Setting: Seventeen medical-surgical PICUs in tertiary care hospital in Argentina.

How is mechanical ventilation employed in a pediatric intensive care unit in Brazil?

Objective: To investigate the relationship between mechanical ventilation and mortality and the practice of mechanical ventilation applied in children admitted to a high-complexity pediatric intensive care unit in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Prospective cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted to a Brazilian high-complexity PICU who were placed on mechanical ventilation for 24 hours or more, between October 1(st), 2005 and March 31(st), 2006.

Results: Of the 241 patients admitted, 86 (35.