Surgical Technique: Lower Trapezius Transfer in Paediatric Paralytic Shoulder.

The therapeutic management of the paralytic shoulder after an obstetric brachial plexus injury is complex. When nerve repair or neurotization fail, or if the biological times for nerve reconstruction is over, tendon transfer to restore active external rotation of the shoulder becomes the main surgical alternative. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the surgical technique of the lower trapezius muscle transfer to the infraspinatus muscle, to restore active shoulder external rotation in the child with paralytic shoulder, step by step with details and pearls.

Arthroscopic Stabilization After a First-Time Dislocation: Collision Versus Contact Athletes.

Background: There is no universally accepted definition of "contact" or "collision" sports in the literature. The few available studies evaluating contact and collision sports consider them to be synonymous. However, athletes in collision sports purposely hit or collide with each other or with inanimate objects with greater force and frequency than in contact sports, which could jeopardize functional outcomes.