MANDI-Code: A Coding System for the human mandible.

Background: The mandible provides valuable insights into its biological identity. However, the existence of several terminologies for mandibular measurements and inconsistent language can lead to misinterpretation, confusion, and miscommunication.

Highlight: A standardised set of anatomical points, planes, and measurements would assist with these issues and ensure reproducibility and comparability.

Biological profiling using the human mandible.

Background: In the absence of soft tissue, skeletal remains are analyzed to identify the deceased. This assessment involves establishing the biological profile that aids medicolegal investigations and fulfils the right of the dead to be identified. Since the mandible is the strongest bone in the skull and easily identifiable, even when fragmented, this study aimed to systematically review its value in constructing the biological profile in the published literature.

Population affinity estimation on a Spanish sample: Testing the validity and accuracy of cranium and mandible online software methods.

Population affinity estimation is an important step in the identification of unknown individuals. To ensure accurate results, validation studies of newly developed methods must be performed using different target populations and skeletal elements. This research aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of population affinity estimation on a modern Spanish sample using two online software applications.

Estimation of Age-at-Death Using Cortical Bone Histomorphometry of the Rib and Femur: A Validation Study on a British Population.

Histomorphometry constitutes a valuable tool for age estimation. Histological interpopulation variability has been shown to affect the accuracy of age estimation techniques and therefore validation studies are required to test the accuracy of the pre-existing methodologies. The present research constitutes a validation study of widely known histological methods on the sixth rib and the femoral midshaft of a 19th century British population originating from Blackburn, England.