Temporal organization among pollination systems in a tropical seasonal forest.

Temporal constancy of pollination systems is essential for the maintenance of pollinators through time. Community-level assessment of flowering phenology allows understanding variations across seasons and years and the risks of decoupling flowering and pollinators' activity. We evaluated flowering patterns and temporal diversity of pollination systems in a tropical seasonal forest.

Cheaters in mutualism networks.

Mutualism-network studies assume that all interacting species are mutualistic partners and consider that all links are of one kind. However, the influence of different types of links, such as cheating links, on network organization remains unexplored. We studied two flower-visitation networks (Malpighiaceae and Bignoniaceae and their flower visitors), and divide the types of link into cheaters (i.