Understanding Changing Demographic and Treatment Trends of Distal Radius Fractures: A TriNetX Database Contemporary Analysis of 32,912 Patients.

Purpose: Distal radius fractures (DRF) are among the most commonly encountered fractures. The population of the United States is rapidly growing, aging, and diversifying. This study was undertaken to better understand current incidences and treatment trends across all ages, gender, and races to inform resource allocation and to potentially address treatment inequities.

Incidence and Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Following Distal Radius Fractures: A TriNetX Analysis of 39,603 Patients.

Purpose: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are among the most common fractures and occur among all age groups. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a known sequela of DRFs, but its incidence is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CTS following a DRF, with the hypothesis being that CTS occurs more commonly after nonsurgical treatment of a DRF.

Understanding the Orthopedic Conditions for Which Patients Are Seeking Medical Cannabis Certification.

Background: Amid the ongoing national crisis of opioid misuse in the United States, medical cannabis (MC) has emerged as a potential alternative for chronic pain conditions. This study was performed to understand which orthopedic conditions patients are seeking MC certification for.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Medical Cannabis, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Therapeutic Effects of Non-Euphorigenic Cannabis Extracts in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is disabling and degenerative disease of the joints that is clinically characterized by pain and loss of function. With no disease-modifying treatment available, current therapies aim at pain management but are of limited efficacy. Cannabis products, specifically cannabinoids, are widely used to control pain and inflammation in many diseases with no scientific evidence demonstrating their efficacy in OA.

Premature Growth Plate Closure Caused by a Hedgehog Cancer Drug Is Preventable by Co-Administration of a Retinoid Antagonist in Mice.

The growth plates are key engines of skeletal development and growth and contain a top reserve zone followed by maturation zones of proliferating, prehypertrophic, and hypertrophic/mineralizing chondrocytes. Trauma or drug treatment of certain disorders can derange the growth plates and cause accelerated maturation and premature closure, one example being anti-hedgehog drugs such as LDE225 (Sonidegib) used against pediatric brain malignancies. Here we tested whether such acceleration and closure in LDE225-treated mice could be prevented by co-administration of a selective retinoid antagonist, based on previous studies showing that retinoid antagonists can slow down chondrocyte maturation rates.

Activin A promotes the development of acquired heterotopic ossification and is an effective target for disease attenuation in mice.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common, potentially debilitating pathology that is instigated by inflammation caused by tissue damage or other insults, which is followed by chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and extraskeletal bone accumulation. Current remedies are not very effective and have side effects, including the risk of triggering additional HO. The TGF-β family member activin A is produced by activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells and stimulates the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (SMAD2/3).

Human and mouse activin genes: Divergent expression of activin A protein variants and identification of a novel heparan sulfate-binding domain in activin B.

Activins are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of signaling proteins and were originally identified as components of follicular fluid. The proteins are now known to play critical roles in numerous normal and pathological processes and conditions, but less is clear about the relationships between their gene organization and protein variant expression and structure. The four human and mouse activin (Act) genes, termed INHβA, INHβB, INHβC and INHβE, differ in exon numbers.

Outcomes of surgical bleb revision for late-onset bleb leaks after trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To describe the outcome of surgical bleb revision for late-onset bleb leaks after trabeculectomy.

Patients And Methods: Appropriate cases were identified. Qualified and complete success required intraocular pressure of 21 mm Hg or less with and without glaucoma medication use, respectively.

Midface lifting as an adjunct procedure in ectropion repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of ectropion repair with adjunctive midface lift.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with cicatricial, involutional, or paralytic ectropion with midface descent. Ectropion repair with adjunctive supraperiosteal midface lifting was performed on each patient.

Estimates of ocular and visual retention following treatment of extra-large uveal melanomas by proton beam radiotherapy.

Objective: To assess outcomes of proton beam radiotherapy for the treatment of extra-large uveal melanomas in patients specifically referred to the University of California, San Francisco, for ocular conservation therapy. Series patients uniformly refused enucleation both at an outside institution and again as a treatment option after extensive discussion at the University of California, San Francisco.

Design: In a retrospective, nonrandomized cohort study, 21 patients with extra-large choroidal or ciliochoroidal melanomas measuring at least 10 mm in maximum thickness or 20 mm in maximum basal diameter or tumors located within 3 mm of the optic nerve measuring at least 8 mm in maximum thickness or 16 mm in maximum basal diameter met inclusion criteria.

Optical coherence tomography in unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between optical coherence tomographic evaluations of foveal thickness and anatomical changes within the fovea and visual acuity in patients who have unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: A retrospective review of cases of unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy imaged with high-resolution optical coherence tomography was performed. The foveal thickness of the involved eye was normalized by dividing its thickness by that of the uninvolved fellow eye.

Intraretinal silicone oil vacuoles after macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling.

Purpose: To report the detection of intraretinal silicone oil vacuoles after the use of a silicone oil tamponade for macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

Design: Observational case report.

Methods: A 57-year-old woman with a recurrent macular hole in the left eye underwent macular hole surgery with ILM peeling and silicone oil tamponade.