Applied anatomy of the layers and soft tissues of the forehead during minimally-invasive aesthetic procedures.

Background: An increasing demand of minimally-invasive aesthetic procedures of the forehead concomitantly leads to higher numbers of adverse events. Adequate application of anatomical knowledge is required to increase safety and efficacy of different minimally-invasive aesthetic procedures in this anatomical region.

Objective: To describe the layered anatomy of the forehead soft tissues with respect to their thicknesses and how they relate to different minimally-invasive aesthetic treatments.

Analysis of the Columellar-Labial Angle in Perioral Aging.

Background: The young face presents a convex and rounded aspect; with aging, this changes to a more concave and flattened aspect, with the angles of the face undergoing changes through soft tissue repositioning and bone remodeling. The columellar-labial angle is one of the features that change.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to analyze the columellar-labial angle at different stages of adult life and assess its contribution to facial changes during aging.

Definition of the Mandibular Angle Using Botulinum Toxin Type A: A New Technique for the Improvement of Mandibular Contour and Definition.

While the injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in the neck area, for face contouring through the blockade of the platysmal bundles, and in the mandibular body line has previously been explored, reports of its application for the demarcation of the mandibular angle are more limited. This article described a new technique of BoNTA injection in the mandibular angle for the improvement of contour and definition. At roughly 15 days after application in 30 patients, better visualization of the mandibular angle and its contours was evident and, consequently, smoothing of the appearance of sagging around the mandible with no adverse effects was noted.

Treatment of vascular lesions located in the lip and in the oral cavity with Nd:YAG laser.

Vascular lesions such as hemangiomas can be found in the oral cavity. Some therapeutic modalities can be used in the treatment of these lesions and Nd:YAG 1064 nm long pulse laser shows good results with easy application, fewer complications and satisfactory results. This study describes the technique and outcome of a case of hemangioma located on the tongue treated with Nd:YAG laser.

Siliconoma: Report of Two Cases.

Unlabelled: Injectable silicone has been used illegally for more than 60 years. Siliconoma is the term used to describe a foreign body reaction in the human body caused by the presence of silicone. The aim of this study is to report two cases of patients who underwent application of large volumes of injectable silicone with non-medical and unqualified professionals, which led to serious complications sometime after the procedure.