Rapid phenotypic testing for detection of carbapenemase- or extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales directly from blood cultures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early identification of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) is critical for timely therapy. Rapid phenotypic tests identifying these resistance mechanisms from pure bacterial colonies have been developed.

Objectives: To determine the operating characteristics of available rapid phenotypic tests when applied directly to positive blood cultures.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia mortality across country income groups: A secondary analysis of a systematic review.

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a common infection worldwide. We compared SAB mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) versus high-income countries (HIC) in a meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1991-2021 and included observational, single-country studies on patients with positive blood cultures for S.

Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The benefits of remdesivir in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remain debated with the National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization providing contradictory recommendations for and against use.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of remdesivir for hospitalized inpatients as a function of oxygen requirements.

Data Sources: Beginning with our prior systematic review, we searched MEDLINE using PubMed from 15 January 2021 through 5 May 2022.

What Is the Optimal Follow-up Length for Mortality in Bacteremia? Observations From a Systematic Review of Attributable Mortality.

Background: Deaths following bacteremia (SAB) may be related or unrelated to the infection. In SAB therapeutics research, the length of follow-up should be optimized to capture most attributable deaths and minimize nonattributable deaths. We performed a secondary analysis of a systematic review to describe attributable mortality in SAB over time.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Precise estimates of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are important to convey prognosis and guide the design of interventional studies.

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate all-cause mortality in SAB and explore mortality change over time.

Data Sources: The MEDLINE and Embase databases, as well as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched from January 1, 1991 to May 7, 2021.

How Generalizable Are Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia? A Description of the Mortality Gap Between RCTs and Observational Studies.

In Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, mortality rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are consistently lower than observational studies. Stringent eligibility criteria and omission of early deaths in RCTs contribute to this mortality gap. Clinicians should acknowledge the possibility of a lower treatment effect when applying RCT results to bedside care.

On the Treatment of Pneumonia: Current Practice Based on Outdated Evidence.

pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection causing more than 400000 cases annually worldwide. Although antiretroviral therapy has reduced the burden of PCP in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an increasing proportion of cases occur in other immunocompromised populations. In this review, we synthesize the available randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence base for PCP treatment.

Non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection commonly affecting immunocompromised people. Diagnosis usually requires invasive techniques to obtain respiratory specimens. Minimally invasive detection tests have been proposed, but their operating characteristics are poorly described.

Ongoing Citations of a Retracted Study Involving Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in COVID-19.

This quality improvement study examines the continued citations of a widely publicized retracted article on COVID-19.

The SHCA adapter protein cooperates with lipoma-preferred partner in the regulation of adhesion dynamics and invadopodia formation.

SHC adaptor protein (SHCA) and lipoma-preferred partner (LPP) mediate transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Reduced expression of either protein diminishes breast cancer lung metastasis, but the reason for this effect is unclear. Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFβ enhanced the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313.

p66ShcA functions as a contextual promoter of breast cancer metastasis.

Background: The p66ShcA redox protein is the longest isoform of the Shc1 gene and is variably expressed in breast cancers. In response to a variety of stress stimuli, p66ShcA becomes phosphorylated on serine 36, which allows it to translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria where it stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conflicting studies suggest both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions for p66ShcA, which prompted us to examine the contribution of tumor cell-intrinsic functions of p66ShcA during breast cancer metastasis.

Immature Low-Density Neutrophils Exhibit Metabolic Flexibility that Facilitates Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis.

Neutrophils are phenotypically heterogeneous and exert either anti- or pro-metastatic functions. We show that cancer-cell-derived G-CSF is necessary, but not sufficient, to mobilize immature low-density neutrophils (iLDNs) that promote liver metastasis. In contrast, mature high-density neutrophils inhibit the formation of liver metastases.